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The Solar Constant The surface of the Sun has a temperature of 5500 °C. (a) Treating the Sun as a perfect blackbody, with an emissivity of 1.0, find the power that it
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- The Sun radiates like a perfect black body with an emissivity of exactly 1. (a) Calculate the surface temperature of the Sun, given that it is a sphere with a 7.00108m radius that radiates 3.801026W into 3-K space. (b) How much power does the Sun radiate per square meter of its surface? (c) How much power in watts per square meter is that value at the distance of Earth, 1.501011m away? (This number is called the solar constant.)arrow_forwardIn 1993, the U.S. government instituted a requirement that all room air conditioners sold in the United States must have an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 10 or higher. The EER is defined as the ratio of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, measured in British thermal units per hour, or Btu/h, to its electrical power requirement in watts. (a) Convert the EER of 10.0 to dimensionless form, using the conversion 1 Btu = 1 055 J. (b) What is the appropriate name for this dimensionless quantity? (c) In the 1970s, it was common to find room air conditioners with EERs of 5 or lower. State how the operating costs compare for 10 000-Btu/h air conditioners with EERs of 5.00 and 10.0. Assume each air conditioner operates for 1 500 h during the summer in a city where electricity costs 17.0 per kWh.arrow_forwardA 1.00MT bomb exploded a few kilometers above the ground deposits 25.0% of its energy into radiant heat. (a) Find the calories per cm2 at a distance of 10.0 km by assuming a uniform distribution over a spherical surface at that radius. (b) If this heat falls on a person’s body, what temperature increase does it cause in the affected tissue, assuming it is absorbed in a layer 1.00cm deep?arrow_forward
- Stars A and B have the same temperature, but star A has twice the radius of star B. (a) What is the ratio of star As power output to star Bs output due to electromagnetic radiation? The emissivity of both stars can be assumed to be 1. (b) Repeat the question if the stars have the same radius, but star A has twice the absolute temperature of star B. (c) Whats the ratio if star A has both twice the radius and twice the absolute temperature of star B?arrow_forwardAt 25.0 m below the surface of the sea, where the temperature is 5.00C, a diver exhales an air bubble having a volume of 1.00 cm3. If the surface temperature of the sea is 20.0C, what is the volume of the bubble just before it breaks the surface?arrow_forwardA 3.0 cm diameter spherical body has a temperature of 700°C that radiates as a perfect emitter. What is the rate in watts that the body radiates energy?arrow_forward
- The heat capacity of air at room temperature and pressure is approximately 21 J×mol-1×K-1. a) How much energy is required to raise the temperature of a room dimensions 5.5 m x 6.5 m x 3.0 m by 10°C from room temperature (298.15 K) assuming ideal behavior? b) How long will it take a heater rated at 1.5 kW to achieve that increase if 1 W = 1 J×s-1 (assuming no loss)?arrow_forwardThe Sun radiates like a perfect blackbody with an emissivity of exactly 1. (a) Calculate the surface temperature of the Sun, given it is a sphere with a 7.00 108 m radius that radiates 3.80 1026 W into 3 K space._________________ K(b) How much power does the Sun radiate per square meter of its surface? __________W/m2(c) How much power in watts per square meter is this at the distance of the Earth, 1.50 1011 m away? (This number is called the solar constant.)_________________ W/m2arrow_forward41. (a) What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the 5500oC surface of the Sun? (b)What is the average kinetic energy of helium atoms in a region of the solar corona where the temperature is6.00×105 K?arrow_forward
- The robot HooRU is lost in space, floating around aimlessly, and radiates heat into the depths of the cosmos at the rate of 10.7 W. H0ORU's surface area is 1.67 m? and the emissivity of its surface is 0.227. Ignoring the radiation that HooRU absorbs from the cold universe, what is HooRU's temperature T? T = Karrow_forwardEstimate the number of panels in an array required to supply hot water to a summer home if 100 gal of tap water per day are to be heated from 10 to 50°C. Assume that the average efficiency of the array is 60 percent and that the average daily insolation intercepted by the array is 5 kw-hr/m²-day. Each panel has an area of 1.5 m². Consider an array of nine panels arranged in three parallel strings. Each string has three panels in series. Water flows into the array at 0.03 kg/sec and divides equally into each string. The water enters the array at 10°C and leaves at 50°C. The first panel of each string raises the temperature by 20°C; the second, by 15°C; and the third, by 5°C. The area of each panel is 1.5 m² and the intercepted insolation is 800 W/m². (a) Find the efficiency of each panel of the array. (b) Find the rate at which heat is collected by the array. (c) Determine the overall efficiency of the array.arrow_forwardThe robot HooRU is lost in space, floating around aimlessly, and radiates heat into the depths of the cosmos at the rate of 14.9 W. HOORU's surface area is 1.51 m2 and the emissivity of its surface is 0.217. Ignoring the radiation that HooRU absorbs from the cold universe, what is HOORU's temperature T? т K IIarrow_forward
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