Figure 16.15 shows a pV diagram for a
Figure 16.15
Problem 6.
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- One process for decaffeinating coffee uses carbon dioxide ( M=44.0 g/mol) at a molar density of about 14,0 mol/m3 and a temperature of about 60 . (a) Is CO2 a solid, liquid, gas, or supercritical fluid under those conditions? (b) The van der Waals constants for carbon dioxide are a=0.3658 Pa m6/mol2 and b=4.286105 m3/mol. Using the van der Waals equation, estimate pressure of CO2 at that temperature and density. `arrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 422 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. Three paths are plotted on a PV diagram, which has a horizontal axis labeled V (liters), and a vertical axis labeled P (atm). The green path starts at point I (2,4), extends vertically down to point B (2,1), then extends horizontally to point F (4,1). The blue path starts at point I (2,4), and extends down and to the right to end at point F (4,1). The orange path starts at point I (2,4), extends horizontally to the right to point A (4,4), then extends vertically down to end at point F (4,1). (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? J(b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat for the indirect path IAF to give the same change in internal energy? Jarrow_forward1 moles of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process as depicted in the figure below. The processes AB and CD are isobaric and the process DA is adiabatic. For the given values PA= 11.5 atm, VA= 6.5 L, V3= 3.25 L, Pc= 23 atm, and Vc=1.981 L answer the following questions. J (use R=8.314 1 atm = 1.013x105 Pa, 1 L= 10-3 m3) mol · K' Volume 1. Calculate the temperature TA K 2. What type of process is the process BC? 3. Calculate the work done by the gas in the process DA.WDA = 4. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat entering the cycle. |QH|=| 5. Calculate the magnitude of the net heat leaving the cycle. |Qcl = 6. Calculate the net work done by the gas. EW= 7. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. e = 8. Calculate the change in the entropy in the process AB. Include the sign (positive or negative) in Pressurearrow_forward
- The pV diagram in (Figure 1) shows the cycle followed by the gas in an ideal-gas heat engine. 260 J of heat energy flow into gas from the hot reservoir during process 1→2. How much work is done during one cycle?arrow_forwardA container is filled with an ideal diatomic gas to a pressure and volume of P1 and V1, respectively. The gas is then warmed in a two-step process that increases the pressure by a factor of two and the volume by a factor of three. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the gas by heat if the first step is carried out at constant volume and the second step at constant pressure. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.)arrow_forwardA gas expands from I to F in the figure below. The energy added to the gas by heat is 276 J when the gas goes from I to F along the diagonal path. A pressure-volume graph consists of points and line segments plotted on a coordinate plane, where the horizontal axis is V (liters)and the vertical axis is P (atm). Three points are plotted: point I at (2, 4) point A at (4, 4) point F at (4, 1) Line segments connect the three points to form a triangle. Arrows along the line segments point from I to A, from A to F, and from I to F. (a) What is the change in internal energy of the gas? J (b) How much energy must be added to the gas by heat along the indirect path IAF?arrow_forward
- A system consisting of 0.0816 moles of a diatomic ideal gas is taken from state A to state C along the path in the figure below. (b) What is the lowest temperature of the gas during this process? In kelvin. (c) Find the change in internal energy of the gas in going from A to C. Hint: Adapt the equation (for the change in internal energy of a monatomic ideal gas) ΔU=3/2nRΔT=3/2Δ(PV)=3/2(PcVc-PaVa) to a diatomic ideal gas. In joules. (d) Find the energy delivered to the gas in going from A to C. In joules.arrow_forwardAn ideal diatomic gas has an initial pressure of 1.00×10°Pa , an initial volume of 2.00m', and an initial temperature of 300K. (This is point 1 on the pV-diagram.) The gas has an isochoric increase in pressure to 2.00×10°P. . (This is point 2 on the pV-diagram.) The gas then has an isothermal expansion to a volume of 3.00m'. (This is point 3 on the pV-diagram.) The pressure is then reduced adiabatically back down to its original pressure of 1.00×10°P.. (This is point 4 on the pV-diagram.) Finally, the gas has an isobaric decrease in volume to its original volume of 2.00m. (The gas is back to point 1 on the pV-diagram.) а. Fill in the missing values on the following table. Point Volume, Pressure, Temperature, v (m²) p(10ʻPA) T(K) 1 2.00 1.00 300 2 2.00 3 3.00 4 1.00 b. Fill in the values for each of the processes in the following table. (These values correspond to the First Law of Thermodynamics written as: AE, =W +Q.) Process Change in internal Work done to gas, Heat added to gas,…arrow_forwardA container is filled with an ideal diatomic gas to a pressure and volume of P₁ and V₁, respectively. The gas is then warmed in a two-step process that increases the pressure by a factor of four and the volume by a factor of five. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the gas by heat if the first step is carried out at constant volume and the second step at constant pressure. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.) Q =arrow_forward
- A container is filled with an ideal diatomic gas to a pressure and volume of P₁ and V₁, respectively. The gas is then warmed in a two-step process that increases the pressure by a factor of four and the volume by a factor of five. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the gas by heat if the first step is carried out at constant volume and the second step at constant pressure. (Use any variable or symbol stated above as necessary.) Q = 63.5 The gas is in three different states. See if you can determine the pressure, volume, and temperature for each state and then the change in temperature during the two processes. Find expressions for the amount of heat supplied during isovolumetric and isobaric processes. Knowing the amounts of heat supplied during each process, how can you determine the total amount of heat supplied?arrow_forwardA particular thermodynamic cycle acting on a monatomic ideal gas (y = 1.67) includes an isobaric expansion, an isochoric cooling, and then a isothermic contraction. The PV diagram is shown in the image below. P V The isobaric expansion occurs at a pressure of 1.8 × 105 Pa and changes the volume of the gas from 6.7 x 10-2 m³ to 13.08 × 102m³. What is the efficiency of the process?arrow_forwardAn ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle in the PV diagram. where V1 = 1.20, V2 = 2.40, P1 = 98.0 kPa and P2 = 230 kPa. What is the change in internal energy of the gas as it is taken from A to B? How much work is done on this gas per cycle? What is the total change in internal energy of this gas in one cycle?arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning