The nucleophile in the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a Grignard reagent is to be identified, and the function of magnesium in the Grignard reagent and the product formed initially and after water is added are to be determined. Concept Introduction: > Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair. > Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair. > Nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where electron deficient or electrophilic double or triple bond reacts with electron rich species (nucleophile), with disappearance of the double bond and creation of two single bonds. > The Grignard reagent or RMgX is a polar organometallic reagent that undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with aldehydes and ketones . It contains organic group which is covalently bonded to magnesium atom, which is also bonded to halogen atom. > In nucleophilic addition, the negative part of the attacking reagent goes to electron deficient carbon and gets attached. The addition product then undergoes elimination to form the final product.

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Chapter 16, Problem 5PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The nucleophile in the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a Grignard reagent is to be identified, and the function of magnesium in the Grignard reagent and the product formed initially and after water is added are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:
>
Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
>
Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
>
Nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where electron deficient or electrophilic double or triple bond reacts with electron rich species (nucleophile), with disappearance of the double bond and creation of two single bonds.
>
The Grignard reagent or RMgX is a polar organometallic reagent that undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with aldehydes and ketones. It contains organic group which is covalently bonded to magnesium atom, which is also bonded to halogen atom.
>
In nucleophilic addition, the negative part of the attacking reagent goes to electron deficient carbon and gets attached. The addition product then undergoes elimination to form the final product.

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C 5 4 3 CI 2 the Righ B A 5 4 3 The Lich. OH 10 4 5 3 1 LOOP- -147.52 T 77.17 -45.36 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm B -126.25 77.03 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 TO LL <-50.00 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 ppm 45.06 30.18 -26.45 22.36 --0.00 45.07 7.5 1.93 2.05 -30.24 -22.36 C A 7 8 5 ° 4 3 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 ppm 9 8 5 4 3 ཡི་ OH 10 2 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 5 4 3 2 that th 7 I 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 115 2.21 4.00 1.0 ppm 6.96 2.76 5.01 1.0 ppm 6.30 1.00