The stereoisomers formed by the reduction of ketone group by sodium borohydride need to be predicted and the relationship between the stereoisomers has to be identified. Concept introduction: The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers. Stereoisomers are those isomers that differ in their stereochemistry around any one chiral carbon. Those isomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers and the isomers in which one of the chiral centers has the same stereochemistry but the other has a different are termed as diastereomers. The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry. The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive. Enantiomers are designated as R and S . The designation is based on the rotation, while moving from higher priority group (one thathas higher molecular weight marked as 1) to the lower one (marked as 2,3, and 4). If the rotation is clockwise, the designation is R and if it is anti-clockwise, the designation is S. Further, if both stereoisomers are formed in equal proportion, then the mixture is said to be racemic mixture. Ketone group bears a carbonyl bond, which is planar in nature. Reagents, such as NaBH 4 /Methanol (MeOH), LiAlH 4 /H 2 O and H 2 /Pt , are reducing agents and convert aldehydes to alcohols.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stereoisomers formed by the reduction of ketone group by sodium borohydride need to be predicted and the relationship between the stereoisomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

Stereoisomers are those isomers that differ in their stereochemistry around any one chiral carbon. Those isomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers and the isomers in which one of the chiral centers has the same stereochemistry but the other has a different are termed as diastereomers.

The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.

Enantiomers are designated as R and S. The designation is based on the rotation, while moving from higher priority group (one thathas higher molecular weight marked as 1) to the lower one (marked as 2,3, and 4). If the rotation is clockwise, the designation is R and if it is anti-clockwise, the designation is S.

Further, if both stereoisomers are formed in equal proportion, then the mixture is said to be racemic mixture. Ketone group bears a carbonyl bond, which is planar in nature.

Reagents, such as NaBH4/Methanol (MeOH), LiAlH4/H2O and H2/Pt, are reducing agents and convert aldehydes to alcohols.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stereoisomers formed by the reduction of ketone group by sodium borohydride need to be predicted and the relationship between the stereoisomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

Stereoisomers are those isomers that differ in their stereochemistry around any one chiral carbon. Those isomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers and the isomers in which one of the chiral centers has the same stereochemistry but the other has a different are termed as diastereomers.

The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.

Enantiomers are designated as R and S. The designation is based on the rotation, while moving from higher priority group (one thathas higher molecular weight marked as 1) to the lower one (marked as 2,3, and 4). If the rotation is clockwise, the designation is R and if it is anti-clockwise, the designation is S.

Further, if both stereoisomers are formed in equal proportion, then the mixture is said to be racemic mixture. Ketone group bears a carbonyl bond, which is planar in nature.

Reagents, such as NaBH4/Methanol (MeOH), LiAlH4/H2O and H2/Pt, are reducing agents and convert aldehydes to alcohols.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stereoisomers formed by the reduction of ketone group by sodium borohydride need to be predicted and the relationship between the stereoisomers has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The compounds that have the same molecular formula of atoms but the structure of the compounds are different for the positions of atoms are called isomers.

Stereoisomers are those isomers that differ in their stereochemistry around any one chiral carbon. Those isomers that are mirror images of each other are called enantiomers and the isomers in which one of the chiral centers has the same stereochemistry but the other has a different are termed as diastereomers.

The objects or molecules that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.

Enantiomers are designated as R and S. The designation is based on the rotation, while moving from higher priority group (one thathas higher molecular weight marked as 1) to the lower one (marked as 2,3, and 4). If the rotation is clockwise, the designation is R and if it is anti-clockwise, the designation is S.

Further, if both stereoisomers are formed in equal proportion, then the mixture is said to be racemic mixture. Ketone group bears a carbonyl bond, which is planar in nature.

Reagents, such as NaBH4/Methanol (MeOH), LiAlH4/H2O and H2/Pt, are reducing agents and convert aldehydes to alcohols.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 42P

Interpretation Introduction