Concept explainers
For the system of capacitors shown in Figure P16.41, find (a) the equivalent capacitance of the system, (b) the charge on each capacitor, and (c) the potential difference across each capacitor.
Figure P16.41 Problems 41 and 60.
(a)

The equivalent capacitance.
Answer to Problem 41P
The equivalent capacitance is 3.33 μF.
Explanation of Solution
The capacitors 6.00 μF and 3.00 μF are connected in series combination. The equivalent capacitance is,
Ctp=C6.00 μFC3.00 μFC6.00 μF+C3.00 μF
The capacitors 2.00 μF and 4.00 μF are connected in series combination. The equivalent capacitance is,
Cbp=C2.00 μFC4.00 μFC2.00 μF+C4.00 μF
The capacitances Ctp and Cbp are in parallel combination. The total equivalent capacitance is,
Ceq=Ctp+Cbp
Therefore,
Ceq=(C6.00 μFC3.00 μFC6.00 μF+C3.00 μF)+(C2.00 μFC4.00 μFC2.00 μF+C4.00 μF)
Substitute 6.00 μF for C6.00 μF,3.00 μF for C3.00 μF,2.00 μF for C2.00 μF and 4.00 μF for C4.00 μF
Ceq=[(6.00 μF)(3.00 μF)(6.00 μF)+(3.00 μF)]+[(2.00 μF)(4.00 μF)(2.00 μF)+(4.00 μF)]=3.33 μF
On Re-arranging,
Ceq=8.00 μF3=2.67 μF
Conclusion:
The equivalent capacitance is 3.33 μF.
(b)

The charge on each capacitor.
Answer to Problem 41P
The charge on 6.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is 180 μC
The charge on 2.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is 120 μC
Explanation of Solution
Formula to calculate the charge on 6.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is,
Q1=CtpV
Therefore,
Q1=(C6.00 μFC3.00 μFC6.00 μF+C3.00 μF)V
Substitute 6.00 μF for C6.00 μF,3.00 μF for C3.00 μF and 90.0 V for V.
Q1=((6.00 μF)(3.00 μF)(6.00 μF)+(3.00 μF))(90.0 V)=180 μC
Formula to calculate the charge on 2.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is,
Q2=CbpV
Therefore,
Q2=(C2.00 μFC4.00 μFC2.00 μF+C4.00 μF)V
Substitute 2.00 μF for C2.00 μF,4.00 μF for C4.00 μFC3.00 μF and 90.0 V for V.
Q2=((2.00 μF)(4.00 μF)(2.00 μF)+(4.00 μF))(90.0 V)=120 μC
Conclusion:
The charge on 6.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is 180 μC
The charge on 2.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is 120 μC
(c)

The potential difference on each capacitor.
Explanation of Solution
The potential difference on 2.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is 60 V
The potential difference on 6.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is 30 V
Formula to calculate the potential difference on 2.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is,
V=Q2C2.00 μF
Substitute 120 μC for Q2 and 2.00 μF for C2.00 μF
V=120 μC2.00 μF=60 V
Formula to calculate the potential difference on 6.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is,
V=Q2C6.00 μF
Substitute 180 μC for Q1 and 6.00 μF for C6.00 μF
V=180 μC6.00 μF=30 V
Conclusion:
The potential difference on 2.00 μF and 3.00 μF capacitors is 60 V
The potential difference on 6.00 μF and 4.00 μF capacitors is 30 V
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