a. To determine: The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders. Introduction: The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

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After you feel comfortable with your counting method and identifying cells in the various stages of mitosis, use the four images below of whitefish blastula to count the cells in each stage until you reach 100 total cells, recording your data below in Data Table 1. (You may not need to use all four images. Stop counting when you reach 100 total cells.) After totaling the cells in each stage, calculate the percent of cells in each stage. (Divide total of stage by overall total of 100 and then multiply by 100 to obtain percentage.) Data Table 1Stage Totals PercentInterphase Mitosis: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Totals 100 100% To find the length of time whitefish blastula cells spend in each stage, multiply the percent (recorded as a decimal, in other words take the percent number and divide by 100) by 24 hours. (Example: If percent is 20%, then Time in Hours = .2 * 24 = 4.8) Record your data in Data…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 40P

Summary Introduction

a.

To determine:

The basis for tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis regulated by T-box RNA leaders.

Introduction:

The promoter of the lac operon functions as the binding site for RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase enzyme performs the function of transcription. The operator acts as a negative regulatory site and forms complex with lac repressor protein. The operator passes over the promoter, and when the repressor is bound then the RNA polymerase is not able to bind with the promoter and thus, starts transcription.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

b.

To determine:

The alteration in the tyrS T-box leader so that it can respond to the uncharged tRNA^Phe instead of tRNA^Tyr.

Introduction:

DNA is the genetic material of all organisms except some viruses. DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

c.

To determine:

A change in the interaction of the 5’ UAC 3’ codon when it was changed to 5’ CUA 3’.

Introduction:

The codons are a set of three nucleotides that encode for a specific amino acid. There are a total of 64 codons that can account for 20 amino acids. The amino acid tyrosine is encoded by only one amino acid.

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

d.

To determine:

The gene mutation that can make the mutant T-box RNA leader functional again.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Answer 14

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Answer 15

Summary Introduction

e.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low.

Introduction:

Proteins are the long chains of amino acids that are present in a specific sequence in the cell. These protein are synthesized by mRNA inside the nucleus and then transported into the cytoplasm where they undergo post-translational modifications.

Answer 16

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Answer 17

Summary Introduction

f.

To determine:

The effect on beta-galactosidase when the levels of tyrosine are high and low when the mutation takes place in the tRNA gene.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication results in the production of multiple copies of DNA that is distributed among daughter cells.

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Answer 19

Summary Introduction

g.

To determine:

The search criteria for T-box regulators.

Introduction:

The process of DNA replication is the process by which the genetic material of the organism copies itself to be distributed among the daughter cells during cell division. The DNA replication takes place before the cell division and prepares the cell for mitosis and meiosis. This process is followed by transcription and translation.

Answer 20

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 21

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Ch. 16 - For each of the terms in the left column, choose...Ch. 16 - The following statement occurs early in this...Ch. 16 - One of the main lessons of this chapter is that...Ch. 16 - All mutations that abolish function of the Rho...Ch. 16 - The figure at the beginning of this chapter shows...Ch. 16 - The promoter of an operon is the site to which RNA...Ch. 16 - You are studying an operon containing three genes...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a protein that binds to DNA in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated two different mutants reg1 and...Ch. 16 - Bacteriophage , after infecting a cell, can...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the T-box mechanisms regulate the expression of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes in B. subtilis.

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Chapter 16 Solutions