Chapter 16, Problem 33E

Use the standard free energy of formation data in Appendix G to determine the free energy change for each of the following reactions, which are run under standard state conditions and 25 °C. Identify each as either spontaneous or nonspontaneous at these conditions.

(a) ${\text{MnO}}_2\left(s\right)\to \text{Mn}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

(b) ${\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{Br}}_2\left(l\right)\to 2\text{HBr}\left(g\right)$

(c) $\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+\text{S}\left(g\right)\to \text{CuS}\left(s\right)$

(d) $2\text{LiOH}\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)\to {\text{Li}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(g\right)$

(e) ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{C}\left(s,\text{graphite}\right)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(g\right)$

(f) ${\text{CS}}_2\left(g\right)+3{\text{Cl}}_2\left(g\right)\to {\text{CCl}}_4\left(g\right)+{\text{S}}_2{\text{Cl}}_2\left(g\right)$