Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 2CT
If you think of geologic time spans as minutes, life’s history might be plotted on a clock such as the one shown below. According to this clock, the most recent epoch started in the last 0.1 second before noon. Where does that put you?
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The scale of geologic time is difficult for anyone to comprehend, let alone a budding scientist.
The Earth formed 4,600,000,000 (4.6 billion) years ago. To try to understand this time frame,
that each second was equal to one year. There are 31,556,926 seconds in a year. How
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let's
say
many years would it take you to count to 4.6 billion?
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Based on the given figure, answer the
following questions
(Note: BYA=Billion Years ago; MYA= Million
years ago)
The oldest eukaryote might be dated back to?
Each day represents how many years?
When did the first prokaryotic fossil exist?
When did photosynthesis first emerged?
The multicellular organisms appeared?
~1.5 BYA ~2.5 BYA ~10 BYA
~3.5 BYA
~150 MY
~50 MY
~1 MY
~4.5 MYA ~ 10 MYA
~1 BYA
1. The representation must be on a linear scale (not logarithmic)
. Have the student to present the years in a way that really helps the audience to visualize just how long Earth has been around compared to how short an amount of time humans have been on earth, for example.
2. Have the student include a legend that allows the audience to interpret how they are representing the time since each event has occurred (e.g., 1cm = 1000 years, 1mL = 100,000 years, 1 second = 10,000 years)
4. The student is to include the following important events:
Start of life (~3.8 GYA[1])
Origin of eukaryotes (~2–3.5 GYA - your choice within that range)
Origin of multicellularity (~2 GYA)
Origin of Homo sapiens(~200 KYA)
Present time (0 YA)
5. The student is to include at least 3 other events. The events must relate to the history of Earth, not human history. The student will need to find the dates of these events
Formation of Earth
Oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere
Origin of vertebrates
Mass…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16 - The number of species on an island depends on the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2SQCh. 16 - Prob. 3SQCh. 16 - A trait is adaptive if it ______. a. arises by...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5SQCh. 16 - Discovery of Iridium in the K-Pg Boundary Sequence...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2DAACh. 16 - Which of the following is a fossil? a. an insect...Ch. 16 - If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8SQ
Ch. 16 - The dinosaurs died out ______ million years ago.Ch. 16 - On the geologic time scale, life originated in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11SQCh. 16 - Forces that cause geologic change include ___...Ch. 16 - Radiometric dating does not measure the age of an...Ch. 16 - If you think of geologic time spans as minutes,...
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- 1. The representation must be on a linear scale (not logarithmic) . Have the student to present the years in a way that really helps the audience to visualize just how long Earth has been around compared to how short an amount of time humans have been on earth, for example. 2. Have the student include a legend that allows the audience to interpret how they are representing the time since each event has occurred (e.g., 1cm = 1000 years, 1mL = 100,000 years, 1 second = 10,000 years) 4. The student is to include the following important events: Start of life (~3.8 GYA[1]) Origin of eukaryotes (~2–3.5 GYA - your choice within that range) Origin of multicellularity (~2 GYA) Origin of Homo sapiens(~200 KYA) Present time (0 YA) 5. The student is to include at least 3 other events. The events must relate to the history of Earth, not human history. The student will need to find the dates of these events Formation of Earth Oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere Origin of vertebrates Mass…arrow_forwardWhen considering the entire period of time during which life on Earth has been evolving, we must look at: hundreds of millions of years millions of years O billions of years thousands of years O hundreds of yearsarrow_forwardGeological time covers huge spans, up to billions of years. Yet humans rarely live for more than 100 years. Therefore, why should we bother trying to understand geological time? Does this topic have any relevance to society?arrow_forward
- Based on the maximum body volume of organisms preserved in the fossil record, body volume (as measured in log mm ) has increased over the last 3.5 billion years. The trend in growth over time is depicted in the graph where the x-axis is a measure of time in millions of years ago. Three boxes, each associated with a vertical dotted line that marks specific time points along the x-axis, have been provided. Place a check mark in the boxes to indicate when drastic increases in atmospheric oxygen are likely to have occurred. Body volume (log mm³) 4,000 2,000 1,000 Time (millions of years ago) 3,000 O Answer Bank ✓arrow_forwardIt has been suggested that the current time should be made into a different period. In other words, it should not have been part of the Holocene period due to the extreme changes man has made to the earth. If you were a scientist tasked to give a name to the period of today what name would you give it and why?arrow_forwardScientists are examining the possible role of a large asteroid in the Cretaceous mass extinction event. A large asteroid strike would likely have caused rapid climate cooling and diffusion of sunlight. Which of the following statements are the best null and alternative hypotheses when scientists look at the geologic evidence of extinction related to the asteroid strike? Null: The rate of extinction would be steady over the entire length of time the climate was altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be greatest immediately before the asteroid strike. Null: The rate of extinction would gradually decrease over the entire length of time the climate was altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be at its lowest immediately after the asteroid strike. Null: The rate of extinction would be steady over the entire length of time the climate was altered. Alternative: The rate of extinction would be greatest immediately after the asteroid strike. Null: The rate of extinction…arrow_forward
- If 1 meter equals 1 billion years and each millimeter is 1 million years, is 4.6 meters 4,600 million years ago (mya) or is it 4,600 bya? And if I measure it out on my timeline, isn’t 4.6 meters like 15 feet long?! Thanksarrow_forwardWhy is it hard to create a timeline of events chronicling Earth’s History?arrow_forwardBelow are some key events that took place during the long history of life on Earth. Arrange them in the correct sequence: First land plants (kingdom Plantae) First eukaryotic life (domain Eukarya) Adaptive radiation of mammals (class Mammalia) Evolution of chloroplasts Cambrian explosion First aerobic organisms (those that utilize cellular respiration) First land vertebrates (tetrapods) First multicellular organisms First living cellsarrow_forward
- For this activity, you will be reviewing the geological time scale in the module readingassignment from the Geological Time chapter in the PRI Digital Atlas of Ancient Life –online textbook and the Earth History chapter from the OER Commons Earth ScienceTextbook. Use the images of the geologic time scales in your readings to help you makeyour Geologic Time Scale concept sketch nstructions:Sketch and label a geologic time scale. Include dates of the following events in EarthHistory on your time scale in the appropriate time period (you may have to look these up onthe internet but most are listed in your readings). First appearance of free oxygen in the atmosphere Earliest fossils Oldest animal fossils Great Dying Extinction (worst mass extinction at end of the Permian Period) – alsoexplain possible causes of this extinctionArchaeopteryx sp. appeared First Flowering PlantsTyrannosaurus rex appeared K-T Extinction event (Dinosaurs died out) – also explain possible causes of…arrow_forwardPlease answer allarrow_forwardScientists are examining the possible role of a large asteroid in the cretaceous mass extinction event. A large asteroid strike would likely have caused rapid climate cooling and the diffusion of sunlight. which of the following statements are the best null and alternative hypotheses when scientists look at the geologic evidence of extinction related to the asteroid strike?arrow_forward
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