Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321922212
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 2AAATB
One prediction of global climate change models is that significant amounts of melting ice will change the salt content of the ocean, causing the Gulf Stream current in the Atlantic Ocean to stop altogether. How will this change likely affect Europe?
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The following graph shows the average pH of the ocean over the last 20 million years of Earth's history.
8.4
8.3
8.2-
금 8.1 -
8.0
7.9
-15
-10
Time (millions of years before the present)
Source: Acidification Model Source CO2SYS (Pierrot, Lewis and Wallace. 2006. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, ORNL, US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN, USA)
What can be concluded from the graph? Select all that apply.
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-20
0
5
Ocean acidity has been steadily increasing from 20 million years ago to the present time.
Average ocean pH has fluctuated over the millennia from just over 8.0 to about 8.3.
In the last 20 million years of Earth's history, the average pH has never gone below 8.0.
Ocean acidity has been steadily decreasing from 20 million years ago to the present time.
What impacts would be expected to water supplies or other hydrologic features such groundwater table, oceans, etc., if the climate zone was to change in Texas?
Climatologists look for climate change in many components of the climate system. Which of the following statements has the least direct evidence?
A. Global mean surface temperature has increased since 1850.
B. Arctic sea ice, glaciers, and ice sheets have decreased in size over the past 50 years.
C. The length of the growing season in the US has decreased since the 1890s.
D. Global mean sea level has risen significantly since 1880.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Explain why the northern United States experiences...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 16 - Prob. 3LTBCh. 16 - Prob. 4LTBCh. 16 - Which of the following biomes is most common on...Ch. 16 - Tundra is found ___________ . where average...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7LTBCh. 16 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 16 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 16 - Prob. 10LTB
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- There is growing support for the idea that as we warm the planet and spread fresh water over the North Atlantic from melting polar ice caps in the Arctic, we will slow down the conveyor belt circulation. What might happen to temperatures at: High Latitudes: At Mid and Low Latitudes:arrow_forwardThe Earth's climate has changed throughout history. Just in the last 650,000 years there have been seven cycles of glacial advance ar etreat, with the abrupt end of the last ice age about 7,000 years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era and of human Civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth's orbit that change the amount of solar ene our planet receives. The current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is very likely human-induced and proceeding at a very rapid rate not seen in the past 1,300 years. Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabl- scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. www.om Warming oceans Carbon dioxide levels continue to rise. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Desertification has increased due to the rapid evaporation of freshwater…arrow_forwardClimate is the result of a variety of global processes. What of the following is a climatological driver? rotation of Earth hydrosphere properties oceanic currents concertation of sun irradiances all of the abovearrow_forward
- Major climate models predict to occur during this century. a rise in the earth's mean surface temperature a decrease in the role of human activity in global temperature changes a decrease in global sea levels slowing temperature increases due to increased greenhouse gas emissions a sea level rise of 10 meters by 2020arrow_forwardPredictions of hydroclimatic change with global warming suggest that precipitation events are becoming/will become more extreme. In other words, heavy/flooding precipitation events will occur with greater frequency. Explain how the capacity of Earth’s atmosphere to hold water vapor changes as the atmosphere warms, such that heavier precipitation events could be triggered.arrow_forwardWhich of the following causes Earth's four seasons? ocean currents global air circulation the tilt of Earth's axis changes in Earth's distance from the moon global wind patternsarrow_forward
- What evidence is there that variation in atmospheric CO2 concentration islinked to variation in global temperatures? In recent years, the governments of mostcountries of the world have been working hard to develop international agreementsto regulate CO2 emissions. Why are these governments concerned? How might rapidchanges in global temperatures lead to the extinction of large numbers of species?How might changes in global temperatures affect agriculture around the world?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements explains why temperature is considered a reliable metric to investigate climate change? Select all that apply: a. changes in other aspects of climate, such as precipitation or sea level, are a response to the temperature change b. there is a long-term global database for temperature c. temperature has been measured directly for millennia d. global temperature measurements include weather variabilityarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a result of increased global temperatures? a. warmer waters b. none of the above c. melting glaciers d. increased evaporation e. ocean acidificationarrow_forward
- Which of the following is an example of a weather event? a. The hurricane season lasts from June 1 through November 30. b. The amount of atmospheric CO2 has steadily increased during the last century. c. A windstorm blew down trees in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area in Minnesota on July 4, 1999. d. Deserts are generally dry ecosystems having very little rainfall.arrow_forwardIf the climate zone was to change in Texas, what zone do you think it will change to, and why? If not, why not?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is correct? For about 800,000 years prior to human influence it varied between 180 and 300 ppm and is now above 410 ppm. For about 800,000 years prior to human influence it never exceeded 200 ppm. Its rate of increase in the past century is greater than any seen in the ice core record. Both 1 & 3arrow_forward
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