Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
Biology: Science for Life with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321922212
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Borden Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1, Problem 1LTB
Summary Introduction

To describe:

The value of placebo in experimental design.

Introduction:

The placebo can be defined as the substance, which do not have a specific inherent value or medicinal value. In an experiment the placebo is provided to the control group and the experimental group to maintain a general condition for both.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

During any experiment, the placebo is used as a substance, which have 0 value of the experimental variable. The placebo helps in maintaining the similar condition for the experimental and the control group. This way, the placebo allows to minimize the effect of other variables, such as temperature, pressure, etc.

Conclusion

The placebo allows treatment of the control group similar to the experimental group except for the independent variable being tested in the experimental group. Hence, it reduces the effect of other variables, which are not required to be tested.

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What are the shortcomings of randomized clinical trials
A) Identify the INDEPENDENT variable in the experimental setup shown in the diagram. B) Describe at least two possible DEPENDENT variables that could be used to evaluate the results. C) List at least 3 variables that should be controlled in this experiment.
By convention, when the difference between the observed experimental outcome and the expected outcome is less than 5 percent (< 0.05), the experimental results are considered to be Group of answer choices a)less than one standard deviation from the mean. b)within the normal range. c)not significant. d)statistically significant and different from the expected outcome.
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