Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134078779
Author: Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. Oster
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 2.5P
(a)
To determine
Is patent system is good thing or bad thing.
(b)
To determine
Is government involvement in scientific research is good thing or bad thing.
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Principles of Economics (12th Edition)
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- The government uses several tools to implement environmental regulation. For example, mandatory production standards are designed to prevent companies from damaging a public good such as air or water. Emission taxes that create financial incentives for industries to reduce known pollutants, for example, from oil and coal production, are used to reduce negative externalities. The government can also force a company that causes an environmental problem to clean it up, thus solving the free rider problem. Nevertheless, government regulation imposes costs on society: Higher production costs due to regulation may be passed on to households in the form of higher prices, which—if large enough—can harm the economy. Legislation and its enforcement increase the size and cost of government. What type of analysis does government engage in to protect public goods? Explain using economic terms. What is government goal?arrow_forwardA negative externality is a cost associated with an action that is not borne by the person who chooses to take that action. Companies that spill oil into the ocean do not bear the full costs of the resulting harm to the marine environment, which include everything from degraded commercial fisheries to reduced endangered sea turtle populations Commuters generate emissions of air pollution, which lowers the ambient quality of the air in areas they pass through and causes health problems for other people. Developers who build houses in bucolic exurban settings cause habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss, inciting a cost on the public at large. A positive externality is a benefit associated with an action that is not borne by the person who chooses to take that action. A homeowner who installs a rain barrel to collect unchlorinated rainwater for her garden also improves stream habitat in her watershed by reducing stormwater runoff. A delivery company that reoptimizes its routing…arrow_forwardWhy are taxes, one traditional remedy for negative externalities, less than ideal for smoking cessation in the United States? Nicotine is addictive/demand is inelastic, and smokers are mostly poor, so in effect cigarette taxes reduce the quality of life of people we’re trying to help without substantially reducing smoking Demand is inelastic, and smokers are mostly rich, so they don’t reduce smoking as a result of taxes Demand is elastic, and smokers are mostly old, so taxes reduce smoking but cause increased anxiety among the elderly Demand is elastic, and smokers are mostly young, so they quit smoking but are then more likely to experiment with illegal drugsarrow_forward
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