Chapter 16, Problem 1QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a compound having the same composition and formula as another compound, but a different structure�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

The isomers of a compound have the same molecular formula with a different arrangement of atoms. Thus, the term, ‘isomer’, refers to a compound with the same composition and formula as another compound, but a different structure.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “an organic compound containing the functional group, $\text{OH}$ �, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the functional group, $\text{OH}$ . Thus, the term, ‘alcohol’, refers to an organic compound containing the functional group, $\text{OH}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a condensation product of carboxylic acids and alcohols having the general formula, ${\text{RCO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ �, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

Esters are formed by the condensation of carboxylic acids with alcohol.

$\text{RCOOH}+{\text{R}}^{\text{'}}\text{OH}\to {\text{RCOOR}}^{\text{'}}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Thus, the term, ‘ester’, corresponds to a condensation product of carboxylic acids and alcohols having the general formula, ${\text{RCO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{R}}^{\text{'}}$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “an organic compound containing the functional group, $\text{CHO}$ �, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is bonded to a hydrogen atom. Thus, the term, ‘aldehyde’, corresponds to an organic compound containing the $\text{CHO}$ functional group.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, ‘a hydrocarbon that has a ring or closed chain structure�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

Cyclic hydrocarbons contain a closed chain of carbon atoms. Thus, the term, ‘cyclic hydrocarbon’, corresponds to a hydrocarbon that has a ring or closed chain structure.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a hydrocarbon that contains all the hydrogens it can hold as a result of having only carbon-carbon single bonds�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

In a saturated hydrocarbon, the carbon atom forms four bonds. In alkanes, the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds. So, each carbon atom is attached to the highest possible number of hydrogen atoms. Thus, the term, ‘saturated hydrocarbon’, corresponds a hydrocarbon that contains all the hydrogens it can hold as a result of having only carbon-carbon single bonds.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

When a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane, the group obtained is called an alkyl group. Thus, the term, ‘alkyl group’, corresponds to a group derived from an alkane.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a saturated hydrocarbon that contains a ring structure�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the carbon-carbon bonds are single. They are also called alkanes. Alkanes can be closed ring or open chained. A closed ring of carbon atoms containing all single bonds is called a cycloalkane. Thus, the term, ‘cycloalkane’, corresponds to a saturated hydrocarbon that contains a ring structure.

(i)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a hydrocarbon that contains localized single, double or triple bonds�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

In aliphatic hydrocarbons, the electrons in the bonds are not delocalized and there is no resonance. However, the bonds between carbon atoms can be single, double or triple. Thus, the term, ‘aliphatic hydrocarbon’, corresponds to a hydrocarbon that contains localized single, double or triple bonds.

(j)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a small molecule that contains both, the ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{H}$ functional groups�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

Amino acids contain both amino and carboxylic acid groups. Glycine is the smallest amino acid that contains both, the ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{H}$ functional groups. Thus, the term, ‘amino acids’, correspond to the molecules containing both, the ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{H}$ functional groups.

(k)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “the study of organic compounds�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

Organic compounds are compounds made of carbon. The subject that deals with the study of organic compounds is called organic chemistry. Thus, the term, ‘organic chemistry’, refers to the study of organic compounds.

(l)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statement, “a hydrocarbon that does not contain all the hydrogen atoms that could possibly be included due to multiple carbon-carbon bonds�, is to be matched to its appropriate key term.

Explanation of Solution

An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains multiple bonds between the carbon atoms. So, the carbon atom is attached to a smaller number of hydrogen atoms as a carbon atom can form only four bonds with other atoms. Thus, the term, ‘unsaturated hydrocarbon’, corresponds to the hydrocarbons that do not contain all the hydrogen atoms that could possibly be included due to multiple carbon-carbon bonds.