Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. Along the way, we found man opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanation given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions?
- (a) How do we know that bacteria regulate the expression of certain genes in response to the environment?
- (b) What evidence established that lactose serves as the inducer of a gene whose product is related to lactose
metabolism ? - (c) What led researchers to conclude that a repressor molecule regulates the lac operon?
- (d) How do we know that the lac repressor is a protein?
- (e) How do we know that the trp operon is a repressive control system, in contrast to the lac operon, which is an inducible control system?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Even though the lac Z, Y, and A structural genes...Ch. 16 - Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CSCh. 16 - Prob. 2CSCh. 16 - Prob. 3CSCh. 16 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 16 - Contrast positive versus negative control of gene...Ch. 16 - Contrast the role of the repressor in an inducible...Ch. 16 - For the lac genotypes shown in the following...
Ch. 16 - For the genotypes and conditions (lactose present...Ch. 16 - The locations of numerous lacI and lacIS mutations...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 16 - Predict the effect on the inducibility of the lac...Ch. 16 - Erythritol, a natural sugar abundant in fruits and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 16 - Neelaredoxin is a 15-kDa protein that is a gene...Ch. 16 - The creation of milk products such as cheeses and...Ch. 16 - Both attenuation of the trp operon in E. coli and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 16 - Prob. 18ESPCh. 16 - In a theoretical operon, genes A, B, C, and D...Ch. 16 - A bacterial operon is responsible for the...Ch. 16 - A marine bacterium is isolated and shown to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 22ESPCh. 16 - Prob. 23ESP
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