Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 1AQ
Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a guide, discuss what indicates that bacteriorhodopsin may have been a late evolutionary invention and that anaerobic respiration with S0 as electron acceptor might have been an early evolutionary invention.
Figure 17.1 Schematic representation of the phylogeny of the major taxonomic orders within the domain Archaea. Each of the five archaeal phyla and their major orders are indicated in a different color.
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Students have asked these similar questions
The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of chloroplasts from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except:
the presence of enzymes for the light-dependent and the dark reactions of photosynthesis
the presence of circular DNA resembling that of photosynthetic eubacteria
the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the cyanobacteria
their use of mitosis rather than binary fission during cell division
the presence of 70s ribosomes, consisting of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits
Why did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea?
The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification.
The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain.
He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya.
In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied.
The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.
Bacteriorhodopsin, and retinal, are part of a transmembrane complex that uses of sunlight to create a proton gradient, for synthesis of ATP from ADP, in which of the following organisms?
one of the members of the Archaeobacterial kingdom
one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the mitochondria)
one of the members of the Animal kingdom
one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the chloroplasts)
one of the members of the Plant kingdom
Chapter 16 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - Since cells of Halobacterium require high levels...Ch. 16.1 - What benefit does bacteriorhodopsin confer on...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.6 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.9 - What form of energy metabolism is widespread among...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.11 - What can we conclude about the...Ch. 16.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 16.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 16.12 - Why would it be impossible for organisms to grow...Ch. 16.13 - How do hyperthermophiles keep proteins and DNA...Ch. 16.13 - How are the lipids and ribosomes of...Ch. 16.14 - What phylogenetic and physiological evidence...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1RQCh. 16 - Contrast the roles of bacteriorhodopsin,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3RQCh. 16 - What two major physiological features unify...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5RQCh. 16 - Prob. 6RQCh. 16 - Prob. 7RQCh. 16 - Prob. 8RQCh. 16 - Prob. 9RQCh. 16 - Prob. 10RQCh. 16 - Prob. 11RQCh. 16 - What organism is the current record holder for the...Ch. 16 - What is reverse DNA gyrase and why is it important...Ch. 16 - Why might H2 metabolism have evolved as a...Ch. 16 - Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2AQ
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- Give explanation Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the phylogenetic tree shown? a) Bacteria and archaea are equally related to to eukarya b) Plants and ciliates are more closely related than plants and animals c) Green sulfur bacterial are more closely related to archaea than the Thermotogales d) Methanosarcina and Haloarchaea are equally related to Methanococcus e) Flavobacteria are the last common ancestor between bacteria and eukaryaarrow_forwardCompare and contrast bacteria, Archaea, and eukarya.arrow_forwardThe Archaeal glycerol stoichiometry is different from the Bacteria and Eukarya. This may suggest that: * Archaea use entirely different enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids Archaean membranes are protected from leaking at high temperatures. Archaean membranes can survive extreme temperatures Archean membranes are not weakened by very acidic or alkaline environments The aim of the supergroup system of classification is to: unite the microbial and macroscopic eukaryotes based on phylogenetic inference reflect the differences between the three domain system based on their 16S rRNA sequences distinguish the clade of the Prokaryotes from the Eukaryotes show the phylogenetic relationships of the different Eukaryotic groups based on molecular dataarrow_forward
- This chapter shows a phylogenetic tree for the three domains of life, which is based on DNA sequence data for rRNA and other genes. Which of the following answers concerning the phylogenetic relationships found within this tree is incorrect? View Available Hint(s)for Part A Euryarcheotes are found in the Archaea Diatoms, Tubulinids, and Euglenozoans belong to the domain Eukarya Forams, Fungi, and Chlamydias belong to the domain Eukarya. Spirochetes belong to the domain Bacteria Ciliates, Red Algae, and Plants belong to the domain Eukarya.arrow_forwardDoes the following phylogenetic tree provide evidence to support or refute the endosymbiosis hypothesis? Briefly explain your choice (1-2 sentences) Bacteria a-Proteobacteria Mitochondria Archaea Eukarya Excavata Discicristata Alveolata Stramenopila Rhizaria Plantae Opisthokonta Amoebozoaarrow_forwardExplain in which domain you would classify an organism that consists of a single cell with a nucleus.arrow_forward
- Based on figure 17, to whom are archaeans more closely related: bacteria or eukaryotes?arrow_forwardAll of the following statements are true about the3-domain classification system EXCEPT:(a) The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.(b) Lateral gene transfer has forced us to rethink our do-main model from a “tree of life” to a “shrub of life.”(c) Domains are higher than the category of kingdoms.(d) Compared to Bacteria, Archaea inhabit the same en-virons and have the same amount of peptidoglycan intheir cell walls.(e) All of the above are true.arrow_forwardDistinguish between the main groups of archaea and identify specific types of archaea belonging to each grouparrow_forward
- There are three main ways that bacteria and archaea are essential to eukaryotic life. Explain the three different ways and give at least one example of each.arrow_forwardConsider the fact that the use of 16S rRNA sequencing as a taxonomic and phylogenetic tool has resulted in tripling the number of bacterial phyla. Why has the advent of this genetic technique expanded the currently accepted number of microbial phyla?arrow_forwardMulticellular organisms with a true nucleus, histone proteins, ester-linked fatty acids in their cellmembranes, opisthokont ancestry, and chitin cell walls, are most likely to be:A. members of kingdom ArchaeobacteriaB. members of kingdom EubacteriaC. members of kingdom AnimaliaD. members of kingdom PlantaeE. members of kingdom Fungarrow_forward
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