Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337359573
Author: Reginald H. Garrett; Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 16, Problem 19P
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
The hypothesis to describe the cramps experience by athletes due to overexerting themselves on hot days.
Introduction:
Extensive use of a muscle, muscle strain, dehydration, keeping the muscle in a position for a long period can cause a muscle cramp. Underlying cause of this cramps is still unknown. But these muscle cramps are harmless.
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- Do schwann cells produce or act as myelin in the peripheral nervous system? I know that they encase and wrap around axons, but where does the myelin come into play?arrow_forwardThe enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactatein skeletal muscle cells using NAD/NADH during anaerobic “balanced” fermentation.Answer the following questions about this reaction. (a) Write out the two reductive half reactions and indicate the E ̊' for each half reaction. Write out the full balanced reaction for the pyruvate to lactate rxn and indicate the ∆E ̊' for the reaction. (b) What is the free energy change under standard state conditions for thisreaction? Which direction is spontaneous?(c) Assume that in skeletal muscle cells the ratio of [NAD+] to [NADH] is 100, and that the[pyruvate] = 0.40 mM and [lactate] = 4.0 mM. What is the free energy change (∆G')for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate? Indicate the direction in which the reactionis spontaneous under these cellular conditions.arrow_forwardWhy did the authors worry about the temperature-dependent solubility of the carriers in thebilayer? How did the authors determine whether the effect of freezing the lipid bilayer wasto decrease the solubility of the carriers (nonactin and valinomycin) or whether the effectwas to impair their ability to diffuse through the membrane (decrease their mobility)?arrow_forward
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