Atkins' Physical chemistry
Atkins' Physical chemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780198814740
Author: ATKINS, P. W. (peter William), 1940- (author.)
Publisher: Oxford University Press,
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Chapter 16, Problem 16A.1DQ
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the fact that Fick’s first law arises from considerations of the flux of molecules due to a concentration gradient in a perfect gas has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Flux is the amount of a substance or any physical property passing through a unit area in unit time.  Diffusion is a process in which a fluid moves from higher concentration area to lower concentration area.  The flux for diffusion of gas depends on concentration.

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Identify the missing starting materials/ reagents/ products in the following reactions. Show the stereochemistry clearly in the structures, if any. If there is a major product, draw the structures of the major product with stereochemistry clearly indicated where applicable. Show only the diastereomers (you do not have to draw the pairs of enantiomers). If you believe that multiple products are formed in approximately equal amounts (hence neither is the major product), draw the structures of the products, and show the detailed mechanism of these reactions to justify the formation of the multiple products. If you believe no product is formed, explain why briefly. (6 mark for each, except f and g, which are 10 mark each)
3. What starting material would you use to synthesize 3-hydroxypentanoic acid using a NaBH4 reduction?
1. Give stereochemical (Fischer projection) formulas for all (but no extras) the stereoisomers that could theoretically form during the reduction of a. the carbonyl group of 2-methyl-3--pentanone b. both carbonyl groups of 2,4-pentanedione (careful!) 2. Predict the products of the reduction of O=CCH2CH2CH2C=O with a. LiAlH4 b. NaBH4 CH3 OH

Chapter 16 Solutions

Atkins' Physical chemistry

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