Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Lewis structure for
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.
In Lewis dot symbol representation, the
The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which are represented by Lewis dot symbol.
To draw: The Lewis structure for the
(b)
Concept Introduction: Bronsted's definition is based on the
Example: Consider the following reaction.
Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid. Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.
When Bronsted base accepts a proton the protonated species is known as conjugate acid and when Bronsted acid loses a proton the deprotonated species is known as conjugate base. The conjugated acid-base pair is present in opposite side of the reaction. In this the base has one proton less than the acid.
To identify: The four species to be identified which can act as acid, base or both.

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Chapter 16 Solutions
CHEMISTRY:ATOMS FIRST-2 YEAR CONNECT
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