Chapter 16, Problem 16.4QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of acids, formula for conjugated base has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occurs when both acids and bases are added with each other.  In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton, while base accepts proton from acid resulting in the formation of water.

Example: Consider the following reaction.

$\text{HCl}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid.  Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.

Bronsted base accepts a proton to give a protonated species known as conjugate acid and Bronsted acid loses a proton to give a deprotonated species is known as conjugate base.  When a proton is removed the resulting species will have a negative charge and when a proton is added the resulting species will have a positive charge.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of acids, formula for conjugated base has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occurs when both acids and bases are added with each other.  In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton, while base accepts proton from acid resulting in the formation of water.

Example: Consider the following reaction.

$\text{HCl}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Conjugate base ${\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{and NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}$

Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid.  Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.

Bronsted base accepts a proton to give a protonated species known as conjugate acid and Bronsted acid loses a proton to give a deprotonated species is known as conjugate base.  When a proton is removed the resulting species will have a negative charge and when a proton is added the resulting species will have a positive charge.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of acids, formula for conjugated base has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occurs when both acids and bases are added with each other.  In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton, while base accepts proton from acid resulting in the formation of water.

Example: Consider the following reaction.

$\text{HCl}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid.  Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.

Bronsted base accepts a proton to give a protonated species known as conjugate acid and Bronsted acid loses a proton to give a deprotonated species is known as conjugate base.  When a proton is removed the resulting species will have a negative charge and when a proton is added the resulting species will have a positive charge.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of acids, formula for conjugated base has to be written.

Concept Introduction: Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occurs when both acids and bases are added with each other.  In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton, while base accepts proton from acid resulting in the formation of water.

Example: Consider the following reaction.

$\text{HCl}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid.  Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.

Bronsted base accepts a proton to give a protonated species known as conjugate acid and Bronsted acid loses a proton to give a deprotonated species is known as conjugate base.  When a proton is removed the resulting species will have a negative charge and when a proton is added the resulting species will have a positive charge.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of acids, formula for conjugated base has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occurs when both acids and bases are added with each other.  In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton, while base accepts proton from acid resulting in the formation of water.

Example: Consider the following reaction.

$\text{HCl}\text{+}{\text{NH}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}{}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$

Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid.  Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.

Bronsted base accepts a proton to give a protonated species known as conjugate acid and Bronsted acid loses a proton to give a deprotonated species is known as conjugate base.  When a proton is removed the resulting species will have a negative charge and when a proton is added the resulting species will have a positive charge.