
(a)
Interpretation:
To interpret the value of ideal power required5
Concept Introduction:
The initial stage contains liquid water at

Answer to Problem 16.1P
The ideal power required
Explanation of Solution
At initial stage,
At final stage,
The value of
The flowsheet of the given process is as follows,
The various positions in the flowsheet are described as follows,
Point A: saturated vapor at
Point B: Superheated vapor at
Point C: saturated liquid at
Point D: Mixture of saturated liquid & saturated vapor at
Data for Points A, C, & D from Table 9.1. Data for Point B from Fig. G.2. For reference, Table 9.1 and Figure G.2 are below.
The equation to calculate the ideal work done
Upon substituting the values,
Let the mass flow rate be
So, the ideal power required is
So, the ideal power required is
(b)
Interpretation:
To calculate the ideal power required
Concept Introduction:
A single Carnot heat pump is operated between sink and source at

Answer to Problem 16.1P
The ideal power required
Explanation of Solution
For the Carnot heat pump, heat equal to the enthalpy change of the water is extracted from a cold reservoir at
The given data is as follows,
The heat removed is
The work done can be calculated as
The power required is
The thermodynamic efficiency is
©
Interpretation:
To interpret the power requirement of an ideal tetrafluoroethane vapor-compression refrigeration cycle and thermodynamic efficiency of the process.
Concept Introduction:
Vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is operated using tetrafluoroethane. Ideal condition implies Isentropic Compression, Infinite cooling water rate in the condenser and minimum heat transfer driving forces in evaporator and condenser.

Answer to Problem 16.1P
The power requirement of an ideal tetrafluoroethane vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is
Explanation of Solution
Conventional refrigeration cycle under ideal conditions of operation: Isentropic compression, infinite flow rate of cooling water, & minimum temperature difference for heat transfer = 0.
The data is as follows,
For saturated liquid and vapor at
For saturated liquid at
For superheated vapor at
Refrigeration Circulation Rate:
Substitute the values in the above equations,
(d)
Interpretation:
To interpret the power requirement
Concept Introduction:
Vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is operated using tetrafluoroethane. The thermodynamic efficiency is

Answer to Problem 16.1P
The power requirement
Explanation of Solution
Given, efficiency is
The practical cycle has 4 major points,
Point A: Saturated vapor at
Point B: Superheated vapor at
Point C: Saturated Liquid at
Point D: Mix of saturated liquid and saturated vapor at
For saturated liquid and vapor at
For saturated liquid at
For isentropic compression, the entropy of Point B is
Entropy at point D can be calculated as
\n
Refrigerant circulation rate can be calculated as
\n
Thermodynamic Analysis
\nHere
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
- You are part of a team constructing a pipeline to transfer shale gas produced at the oceanfloor to the coastline. The temperature of the pipeline is nearly constant at 2 oC. The pipelineis made of smooth stainless steel and is 0.3 m in diameter and 100 m long. The averagevelocity of shale gas is 10 m/s and the inlet temperature is 20 oC ** Useful shale gas properties at 20 oC (Table A-12 for propane gas):(use these values for calculations and validate them later)• Density (ρ) = 18.13 kg/m3• Cp = 1974 J/kg-K• Viscosity (μ) = 8.54*10-6 kg/m-s• Pr = 0.918• k = 0.01836 W/m-Ka) Is the flow laminar or turbulent? Is the flow hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed?(circle your answer below and provide justification. • Laminar vs. Turbulent• Hydrodynamically developing vs. developed• Thermally developing vs. fully developedJustification: b) Calculate convective heat transfer coefficient (h). c) Calculate the exit temperature of the shale gas. d) Are the shale gas properties…arrow_forward3) A pilot-plant Podbielniak centrifugal extractor operating at 11,400 x g (this is G₁) is capable of processing 500 mL/min of filtered fermentation broth and 125 mL/min organic solvent, giving a recovery of 95%. The rotating cylinder inside the extractor has a diameter of 20 cm and is 2.5 cm wide. You need to scale up this extraction by using a larger Podbielniak extractor that has a diameter of 91 cm and width of 91 cm and delivers 2,300 x g (G2). What flow rates (in L/min) should be used in the larger extractor to achieve the same recovery efficiency?arrow_forward7) You are tasked with separating two proteins by ion exchange chromatography on a 30 cm long column with an inner diameter of 2 cm. The resin has a diameter of 100 μm and a void fraction of 0.3, and your mobile phase flows through the column at a rate of Q = 5 cm³/min. The Van Deemter coefficients A, B, and C have been determined to be 0.0228 cm, 0.0036 cm²/min, and 0.00053 min, respectively, for both proteins. Protein A elutes from the column with an average retention time of 27 min and standard deviation of 0.8 min. Protein B elutes from the column. with an average retention time of 33.8 min and standard deviation of 1.0. a) How many theoretical plates does the column contain? b) What flow rate (Q) will give you the maximum resolution? c) What is the minimum height of a theoretical plate for the system?arrow_forward
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