Why sun light appears orange or red near sunset or sunrise.

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Chapter 16, Problem 13CQ

To determine

Why sun light appears orange or red near sunset or sunrise.

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Let's assume that the brightness of a field-emission electron gun is given by β = 4iB π² d²α² a) Assuming a gun brightness of 5x108 A/(cm²sr), if we want to have an electron beam with a semi-convergence angle of 5 milliradian and a probe current of 1 nA, What will be the effective source size? (5 points) b) For the same electron gun, plot the dependence of the probe current on the parameter (dpa) for α = 2, 5, and 10 milliradian, respectively. Hint: use nm as the unit for the electron probe size and display the three plots on the same graph. (10 points)