BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 15.6, Problem 1LO
Explain why the tRNA charging reaction is critical to translation.
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Describe the charging process of a tRNA.
The covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it requires an input of energy for the reaction to proceed. Where does the energy come from to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules?
Describe two special reaction sites on the tRNA
Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.1 - List the roles played by RNA in gene expression.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.2 - Describe the characteristics of the genetic code.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.3 - Differentiate among initiation, elongation, and...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.4 - Explain the differences between bacterial and...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.6 - Explain why the tRNA charging reaction is critical...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Compare translation on the RER and in the...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.9 - Explain the nature of triplet repeat expansion.Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15 - Prob. 1DACh. 15 - Prob. 2DACh. 15 - Prob. 1IQCh. 15 - Prob. 2IQCh. 15 - Prob. 3IQCh. 15 - The experiments with nutritional mutants in...Ch. 15 - What is the central dogma of molecular biology? a....Ch. 15 - In the genetic code, one codon a. consists of...Ch. 15 - Eukaryotic transcription differs from prokaryotic...Ch. 15 - An anticodon would be found on which of the...Ch. 15 - RNA polymerase binds to a ________ to initiate...Ch. 15 - During translation, the codon in mRNA is actually...Ch. 15 - You have mutants that all affect the same...Ch. 15 - The splicing process a. occurs in prokaryotes. b....Ch. 15 - The enzyme that forms peptide bonds is called...Ch. 15 - In comparing gene expression in prokaryotes and...Ch. 15 - The codon CCA could be mutated to produce a. a...Ch. 15 - An inversion will a. necessarily cause a mutant...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between mutations and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1SCh. 15 - Frameshift mutations often result in truncated...Ch. 15 - Describe how each of the following mutations will...Ch. 15 - There are a number of features that are unique 10...
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- The tertiary structure of a tRNA is shown below. Using the various colored areas (i.e., red, yellow, green, blue) as a marker, identify the region where the anticodon is found and identify the amino acid binding site. Explain the importance of the tRNA as an adaptor during protein synthesis.arrow_forwardThe charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid + tRNA + ATP → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPI where PPI is pyrophosphate (see figure 3–40). in the aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acid and tRNA are linked with a high-energy covalent bond; a large portion of the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is thus stored in this bond and is available to drive peptide bond formation at the later stages of protein synthesis. the free-energy change of the charging reaction shown in the equation is close to zero and therefore would not be expected to favor attachment of the amino acid to tRNA. Can you suggest a further step that could drive the reaction to completion?arrow_forwardExplain why a minimum of 32 tRNAs are required to translate the “standard” genetic code.arrow_forward
- What naturally found amino acyl tRNA synthetase can be used to attach 2-aminobutyric acid to a tRNA? Explain whyarrow_forwardIn bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry mutations within tRNA genes. These mutations can change the sequence of the anticodon. For example, a normal tRNATrp gene encodes a tRNA with the anticodon 3′–ACC–5′. A mutation can change this sequence to 3′–CCC–5′. When this mutation occurs, the tRNA still carries a tryptophan at its 3′ acceptor stem, even though the anticodon sequence has been altered. A. How would this mutation affect the synthesis of polypeptides within the bacterium? B. What does this mutation tell you about the recognition between tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp? Does the enzyme primarily recognize the anticodon or not?arrow_forwardA tRNA has an anticodon sequence 3′–GGU–5′. What amino acid does it carry?arrow_forward
- Three E. coli tRNA molecules with the anticodon sequences CGG, OGG , and UGG are charged with the same amino acid. What is the amino acid ?arrow_forwardDescribe the structural and sequence elements that are common to all tRNA molecules, addressing the function of each of the elements. What forces stabilize the tRNAs' structural features?arrow_forwardDefine aminoacyl tRNA synthetasearrow_forward
- Transfer RNA molecules are quite large, given that the anticodon consists of only three nucleotides. What is the purpose of the rest of the tRNA molecule?arrow_forwardExplain how an amino acid is attached to a tRNA via aminoacyltRNA synthetase.arrow_forwardAminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to their cognate trna. Briefly discuss the two reactions of aminoacylation.arrow_forward
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