Concept explainers
To determine: The resonance form for the substituted allylic cations in the preceding figures along with explanation of more or less resonance contributor of resonance forms.
Interpretation: The resonance form for the substituted allylic cations in the preceding figures is to be drawn. The second resonance form is a more important or less important resonance contributor than the first structure is to be shown.
Concept introduction: Allenes are the compounds in which two adjacent double bonds share common carbon atoms. These are also known as cumulative dienes. Cumulative dienes are different from conjugated dienes because conjugated dienes comprise double bonds separated by one single bond.
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- Use curved arrows to show the most likely acid-base reaction between phenol and NaOH. a. Use pKa data to mark each curved arrow with a positive or negative energy change in pKa ,units. b. Calculate H for this reaction, and sketch an energy diagram showing H as an arrow onyour diagram.arrow_forwardFor each structure you drew in the answer to the previous question, classify it as a strong acid,strong base, weak acid, or weak base.arrow_forwardPairs of unshared electrons can be pushed. One Lewis structure for the methoxy-methyl cation is . The structure contains a pair of pushable electrons, namely, the unshared electrons on the atom. The structure also contains a positively charged atom that can act as a . A second resonance structure can be generated by pushing the unshared electrons to the receptor. Thus, It is not possible to push electrons toward the other carbon, because it is not a receptor. If you tried to push electrons to this carbon, you would generate a pentavalent carbon, which is not possible.arrow_forward
- The two molecules in the pictrue behave very differently in reactions. Though they are both neutral, it is possible to draw resonance structures to illustrate which atoms will have partial charges. In one of the molecules, a carbon of the double bond is partially positive while in the other it is partially negative. 1. Draw one resonance structure for each molecule below with only one positive and one negative charge in the left box. In the box to the right draw out the original structure with its partial charges, which can be determined from the resonance structures.arrow_forward13. Aniline and nitrobenzene are two substituted benzene compounds that contain nitrogen atoms. A) Use resonance structures to identify all carbon atoms that are electron rich on aniline. Mark the appropriate carbons in the figure below with a d-. NH₂ nitrobenzene aniline Note: this is benzene B) Use resonance structures to identify all carbon atoms that are electron deficient on nitrobenzene. Mark the appropriate carbons in the figure below with a dª.arrow_forwardIn part 1 adding the missing curved arrow notation.In part 2 draw the structure resulting from the given curved arrow notation.arrow_forward
- 3. Which of the following molecules are conjugated? For those which are conjugated, write a resonance structure.arrow_forwardIn the following acid - base reactions, a) Draw Lewis structures of the reactants and the products. b) Determine which species are acting as electrophiles (acids) and which are acting as nucleophiles (bases). c) Use the curved - arrow formalism to show the movement of electron pairs in these reactions and the imaginary movement in the resonance hybrids of the products. d) Indicate which reactions are best termed Brønsted-Lowry acid - base reactions i. CH3CHO + HCI-- > CH3CH2O + + Cl- ii. CH3CHO + OH- - - > CH3CO-(OH) Harrow_forwardFor the following Structure, a) draw in any missing lone pairs; b) identify and list the resonance patterns (i.e. allylic cation) present. If one pattern shows up more than once, list it multiple times c) draw curved arrows on the initial structure to produce a resonance structure, including formal charge. (hint - use a minimum of curved arrows for each resonance structure). Repeat on the second structure to generate a third structure. Rank the resonance structures in order of decreasing importance: 1 is most important, 2 is second most important, etc... H Pattern 1: Pattern 2: Rank: Pattern 1: Pattern 2: Rank: Pattern 1: Pattern 2: Rank:arrow_forward
- b) Draw the most important (most stable) resonance structures for the compound below. With the help of the resonance structures, explain which of the two nitrogen atoms is more basic.arrow_forwardDraw a resonance structure, complete with all formal charges and lone (unshared) electron pairs, that shows the resonance interaction of the oxide with the para position in phenoxide ion. (please show which structure I need to put in the picture as my answer).arrow_forwardDraw all significant resonance structures for the following compound:arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning