Biology: How Life Works
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319017637
Author: James Morris, Daniel Hartl, Andrew Knoll, Melissa Michael, Robert Lue, Andrew Berry, Andrew Biewener, Brian Farrell, N. Michele Holbrook
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 15.3, Problem 7SAQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The probability that any two peas are green and yellow in a pea pod with exactly four seeds.
Conceptual introduction:
Multiplication rule is used when in two independent trials; the probability of obtaining a given outcome in both the trials is the product of their independent probabilities. Addition rule is applied if we want to know the probability of one outcome or the other, we add the probabilities together. The genetic inheritance principle follows the statistical approach of probability using multiplication and addition rule.
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Three of the many recessive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that affect body color, wing shape, or bristle morphology are black (b) body versus grey in wild type, dumpy (dp), obliquely truncated wings versus long wings in the male, and hooked (hk) bristles versus not hooked in the wild type. From a cross of a dumpy female with a black and hooked male, all of the F1 were wild type for all three of the characters. The testcross of an F1 female with a dumpy, black, hooked male gave the following results:
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Genes at loci f, m, and w are linked, but their order is unknown. The F1 heterozygotes from a cross of FFMMWW x ffmmww are test crossed. The most frequent phenotypes in the test cross progeny will be FMW and fmw regardless of what the gene order turns out to be.
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