Chapter 15.3, Problem 11BYGO

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The autonomic nervous system comprises of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both these systems innervate the visceral organs and have their own effects on the target organs. The sympathetic system operates in the heart, lungs, and smooth muscles and it executes its effect on flight or fight response to create organs excitation. On the contrary, the parasympathetic system innervates the same organ and it effects executes during rest or digest mode. The innervation of an organ by sympathetic and parasympathetic system is said to be the dual innervation. In some cases, the autonomic nervous system does not need the dual innervation. There are some cases of organs, where there is no need of dual innervation.