Anatomy and Physiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260256000
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15.2, Problem 3BYGO
Explain why the sympathetic division is also called the thoracolumbar division even though its paravertebral ganglia extend all the way from the cervical to the sacral region
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In the sympathetic division of the autonomic system:
preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracolumbar segments of the cord
the preganglionic neurons are unmyelinated
the preganglionic neurons are long
the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neurons is norepinephrine
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE
FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S)
SYMPATHETIC DIVISION
1
Preganglionic neuron
2
Postganglionic neuron
3
Gray horns of the spinal cord
4
Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord
5
Ventral Roots of the spinal cord
6
Dorsal Rami
7
Ventral Rami
8
White ramus communicans
9
Gray ramus communicans
10
Sympathetic trunk ganglion
(Paravertebral ganglia)
11
Superior cervical ganglion
12
Middle cervical ganglion
13
Inferior cervical ganglion
14 14a 14b 14c
Prevertebral ganglia
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
15
Preganglionic neuron
16
Postganglionic neuron
17
CN III Oculomotor nerve
18
CN VII Facial nerve…
Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a paravertebral ganglion, it can: ascend or descend
the sympathetic trunk, to synapse in another paravertebral ganglion.
True
O False
Chapter 15 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 15.1 - The fundamental function and effectors of the...Ch. 15.1 - Why this system is called autonomic; how it...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.1 - Why it cannot be said that at any given moment,...Ch. 15.1 - Basic anatomical components of the ANSCh. 15.1 - How autonomic efferent pathways differ from...Ch. 15.2 - Explain why the sympathetic division is also...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 1AYLO
Ch. 15.2 - Anatomy of the sympathetic chain; the number of...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.2 - Differences between the spinal nerve route,...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 15.2 - The degree and significance of neural divergence...Ch. 15.2 - Why the adrenal medulla can be considered part of...Ch. 15.2 - Names and numbers of the cranial and spinal nerves...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 15.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 15.2 - The location and functions of the enteric nervous...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 15.3 - Autonomic control of certain organs by dual...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 15.4 - Examples of the influence of the cerebral cortex,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 15 - Muscarinic receptors bind a. epinephrine. b....Ch. 15 - All of the following cranial nerves except the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following cranial nerves carries...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 15 - Epinephrine is secreted by a. sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 15 - The gray communicating ramus contains a. visceral...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 15 - Which of these does not result from sympathetic...Ch. 15 - Certain nerve fibers are called _______ fibers...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 15 - Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers arc...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 15 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 15 - Baro -Ch. 15 - Lyto-Ch. 15 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 15 - reno-Ch. 15 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 15 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 15 - The parasympathetic nervous system controls...Ch. 15 - Voluntary control of the ANS is not possible.Ch. 15 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 15 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 15 - The two divisions of the ANS have cooperative...Ch. 15 - You are dicing raw onions while preparing dinner,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 15 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 15 - What would be the advantage to a wolf in having...Ch. 15 - Pediatric literature has reported many cases of...
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- The cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic rHeurons are located in O the dorsal root ganglia the ventral horn small neuronal clusters situated outside of target organs such as the intestines and kidne the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cordarrow_forwardThe limbic system is composed of several interconnected structures including the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the thalamus. Pair each of these structures with their function listed below: -This limbic area is active when you are trying to memorize the names of brain areas. It is also severely atrophied in people suffering from late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. -This limbic area is active when you are watching something that makes you feel sad. -This limbic area is active when you feel thirsty. -When the activity of this limbic area is increased you feel a sense of pleasure. -When this limbic area is damaged it often results in patients experiencing anterograde amnesia. -Damage to this limbic structure while rare often results in patients going into a coma. -This cortical limbic structure plays a large role in motivation and movement and has recently been…arrow_forwardOnce a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a paravertebral ganglion, it can: pass through the paravertebral ganglion without synapsing until it reaches the prevertebral ganglion. O True Falsearrow_forward
- which division of the ANS is also called the thoracolumbar division? Why?arrow_forwardDescribe the sympathetic pathway from the CNS to the (a) heart; and (b) adrenal gland.arrow_forwardRelate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system:arrow_forward
- The ANS is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Review the differences between these two divisions by filling in the table below: Characteristic Sympathetic or Parasympathetic? Calms you down — "rest and digest" ["", ""] Pumps you up — "fight or flight" ["", ""] Preganglionic neuron long, postganglionic neuron short ["", ""] Preganglionic neuron short, postganglionic neuron long ["", ""] Arises from cranial or sacral spinal nerves ["", ""] Arises from spinal nerves T1-L2 ["", ""] Synapses near the spinal cord ["", ""] Synapses near the target organ ["", ""] Increases heart and respiratory rate ["", ""] Stimulates…arrow_forwardWhy is the parasympathetic division of the ANS sometimes referred to as the anabolic system?arrow_forwardPaul ate a big lunch and then decided to jog a mile, which was not a very good idea. His digestive system was put “on hold” while his sympathetic nervous system was stimulated to run. Trace the sympathetic pathway from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord to the stomach.1. Identify the nerve that the preganglionic axons form.2. Name the effector (the tissue within the organ that is innervated by the postganglionic neuron).Burke is in the final 100 yards of a race with an opponent at his heels. His sympathetic nervous system is stimulating his adrenal medullae. Trace the sympathetic pathway from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord to the adrenal medulla.3. Name the sympathetic ganglia in which the preganglionic axons synapse.arrow_forward
- Which of these ganglia is not involved inthe sympathetic division?a. intramuralb. superior cervicalc. paravertebrald. inferior mesenterice. celiacarrow_forwardThe middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common of the cerebral arteries to be affected by stroke. A patient is sent in to emergency with difficulty speaking and weakness in her right arm. She is able to follow instructions, but is unable to speak. When the doctor asks her to hold both of her arms up in front of her, her Right arm slowly drifts back down to her side. What SPECIFIC area of the brain must be affected in order to cause the weakness?arrow_forwardBrittany was visibly upset that a class she needed to take was cancelled because of low enrollment. Jim observed that her eyes were dilated. Trace the sympathetic pathway from the lateral gray horn of the spinal cord to the iris of her eye. 1. Identify the spinal cord area (cervical or thoracic) that the preganglionic axons exit in the anterior (ventral) root. 2. Name the sympathetic ganglia in which the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse.arrow_forward
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