Chapter 15, Problem 1TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

An autonomous nervous system is one in which that innervates the vital organs and body parts to enable it to function without the commanding of host personal interest. Most of the vital processes of metabolism so called as respiration, digestion, and excretion by the respective organ system are autonomous or involuntary. The organ systems that are controlled by self-command of host are called as voluntary actions.

Answer to Problem 1TYR

Correct answer:

Skeletal muscle is the only tissue part out of the following, which is not innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Therefore option b is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Justify reasons for the correct statement:

Skeletal muscles make a predominant muscular part of an individual physic. These muscles are well connected to the bones so called as tendons. A collagen fiber brings this attachment of muscles with bones. These skeletal muscles are innervated by the somatic nervous system or voluntary nervous system. Action of these muscle systems are highly controlled by the individuals’ personal interest like during exercise, dance, and writing. Skeletal muscles are under the control of individual orders and consciousness. A person’s day-to-day activities by his physic is brought under voluntary skeletal muscle actions.

Option (b) is given as “skeletal muscle”.

Skeletal muscle is the only muscle tissue not innervated by the autonomous nervous system.

Hence, Option (b) is correct

Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:

Option (a) is given as “cardiac muscle”

Cardiac muscles that constitute the heart beat contraction and expansions to pump blood are not controlled by individual’s voluntary action, but it is under involuntary nervous system.

Option (c) is given as “smooth muscle”

Smooth muscles that form the digestive and urinary bladder tissues responsible for contraction and relaxation of muscle tissues during excretion and digestion of food materials are by involuntary nervous actions.

Option (d) is given as “salivary gland”

Salivary glands to secrete saliva by the taste and sight of food by visual perception are involuntary nervous coordination.

Option (e) is given as “blood vessels”

Constriction and dilation of blood vessels with the help of squamous epithelium during low and increased blood pressure are due to involuntary nervous system. It also coordinates the voluntary system of the body.

Hence, options (a), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Thus, the skeletal muscle is the only tissue part that is not innervated by involuntary nervous system, and it is controlled by voluntary nervous system.