Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 8PDQ
The locations of numerous lacI– and lacIs mutations have been determined within the DNA sequence of the lacI– gene. Among these, lacI– mutations were found to occur in the 5'-upstream region of the gene, while lacIs mutations were found to occur farther downstream in the gene. Are the locations of the two types of mutations within the gene consistent with what is known about the function of the repressor that is the product of the lacI gene?
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If the lacl gene is mutated so that the repressor protein no longer binds to lactose, what will be the
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DNA in the absence of lactose.
The IMD2 promoter contains three upstream transcription start sites (TSS) that are utilized under high GTP conditions and a single downstream TSS (-106) that is normally only utilized under low GTP conditions. In a wild type cell, expression of IMD2 mRNA only occurs if transcription initiates from the -106 TSS. In 300 words or less, describe: 1.) The normal function of Ssl2, and 2.) why a mutation in Ssl2, that increases its catalytic rate, would allow expression of the IMD2 ORF under high GTP conditions. (Conditions under which the IMD2 ORF is NOT expressed in the wild type.)
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY | A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
CASE STUDY |A mysterious muscular dystrophy
A...Ch. 15 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we have...Ch. 15 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 280....Ch. 15 - Describe which enzymes are required for lactose...Ch. 15 - Contrast positive versus negative regulation of...Ch. 15 -
5. Both attenuation and riboswitches rely on...Ch. 15 - For the lac genotypes shown in the accompanying...Ch. 15 -
7. For the genotypes and conditions (lactose...
Ch. 15 -
8. The locations of numerous lacI– and lacIs...Ch. 15 - Explain why catabolite repression is used in...Ch. 15 - Describe experiments that would confirm whether or...Ch. 15 - Predict the level of genetic activity of the lac...Ch. 15 - Predict the effect on the inducibility of the lac...Ch. 15 -
13. Describe the role of attenuation in the...Ch. 15 -
14. In a theoretical operon, genes A, B, C, and D...Ch. 15 - A bacterial operon is responsible for production...Ch. 15 - A marine bacterium is isolated and is shown to...Ch. 15 -
17. Why is gene regulation more complex in a...Ch. 15 -
18. List and define the levels of eukaryotic gene...Ch. 15 -
19. Distinguish between the cis-acting regulatory...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - Compare the control of gene regulation in...Ch. 15 - Many eukaryotic promoter regions contain CAAT...Ch. 15 -
23. What is RNA-induced gene silencing in...Ch. 15 - Although it is customary to consider...Ch. 15 - DNA methylation is commonly associated with a...Ch. 15 - The interphase nucleus appears to be a highly...Ch. 15 - It has been estimated that at least two-thirds of...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the frequency of loss-of-function mutations in ADE2 when specific (HDR) and non-specific (NHEJ) mutations are introduced after Cas9-induced cutting in the promoter region and the coding sequence? How often are all the HDR mutations incorporated? What types of NHEJ mutations are found that caused LOF of ADE2?arrow_forwardWhat are the functions of transcriptional activator proteins and repressor proteins? Explain how they work at the molecular level.arrow_forwardGenes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are regulated by activators and repressors.a. Compare and contrast the mechanism of functionof a prokaryotic repressor (for example, Lac repressor) with a typical eukaryotic repressor protein(a direct repressor).b. Compare and contrast the mechanism of functionof a prokaryotic activator (for example, CAP) witha typical eukaryotic activator protein.arrow_forward
- a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes? b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the translational level? Explain. c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint: mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)arrow_forwardNegative supercoiling of DNA favors the transcription of genes because it facilitates unwinding. However, not all promoter sites are stimulated by negative supercoiling. The promoter site for topoisomerase II itself is a noteworthy exception. Negative supercoiling decreases the rate of transcription of this gene. Propose a possible mechanism for this effect and suggest a reason why it may occur.arrow_forwardWhy is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter (i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic messages)? a. For efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal. This is why polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. b. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message. c. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. d. For an efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal only. e. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of single message in initiation and termination.arrow_forward
- Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose. (a) A deletion within the GAL4 gene that removes the region encoding amino acids 1 to 100. (b) A deletion of the entire GAL3 gene. (c) A mutation within the GAL80 gene that blocks the ability of Gal80 protein to interact with Gal3p. (d) A deletion of one of the four UASG elements upstream from the GAL1 gene. (e) A point mutation in the GAL1 core promoter that alters the sequence of the TATA box.arrow_forwardWhat role does an operator sequence serve in bacterial gene expression regulation? Describe one change in bacterial cells that can cause a repressor protein to go from inactive to active or from active to inactive.arrow_forwardThere are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).arrow_forward
- Organisms must rapidly acclimate to changes in their environment. For instance, temperature changes cause a rapid change in the proteins within nerve cells of the octopus (Octopus bimaculoides) that result in functional changes to proteins such as neurotransmitters and motor proteins. Some of these changes are single amino acid substitutions that are not associated with any mutations in the octopus genome, and also could not be ascribed to changes in transcriptional activation/initiation or splicing. A) Propose a hypothesis for how these protein changes occur. Be certain to detail what type of molecular change(s) occur to which molecule(s) B) Suggest a reason why it might be advantageous to the octopus to not make the change at the level of transcriptional activation. Answer both parts a and barrow_forwardName the lambda promoters whose expression is regulated by the cro protein. For each promoter you named, is cro an activator or a repressor of transcription from that promoter?arrow_forwardCompare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes at the level of initiation of transcription. How do the regulatory mechanisms work? What are the similarities and differences in these two types of organisms in terms of the specific components of the regulatory mechanisms? Address how the differences or similarities relate to the biological context of the control of gene expression.arrow_forward
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