Chapter 15, Problem 76E

Coal can be used to generate hydrogen gas (a potential fuel) by this endothermic reaction.

$\text{C}(s)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(g)\rightleftharpoons \text{CO}(g)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}(g)$

If this reaction mixture is at equilibrium, predict the effect (shift right, shift left, or no effect) of these changes.

a. adding more C to the reaction mixture

b. adding more ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}(g)$ to the reaction mixture

c. raising the temperature of the reaction mixture

d. increasing the volume of the reaction mixture

e. adding a catalyst to the reaction mixture