Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 74SCQ
The chapter opening photograph (page 670) showed how the cobalt(II) chloride equilibrium responded to temperature changes.
- (a) Look back at that photograph. Is the conversion of the red cation to the blue anion exothermic or endothermic?
- (b) If hydrochloric acid is added to the violet mixture of cobalt(II) ions shown below, the blue CoCl42− ion is favored. If water is then added to the mixture, a red solution favoring [Co(H2O)]2+ results. Explain these observations in terms of Le Chatelier’s principle.
- (c) How do these observations prove the reaction is reversible?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 15.2 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 15.2 - Answer the following questions regarding the...Ch. 15.3 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.050 mol of...Ch. 15.4 - At some temperature. Kc = 33 for the reaction...Ch. 15.4 - The decomposition of PCl5(g) to form PCl3(g) and...Ch. 15.5 - The conversion of oxygen to ozone has a very small...Ch. 15.6 - Equilibrium exists between butane and isobutane...Ch. 15.6 - Anhydrous ammonia is used directly as a...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 1.2ACPCh. 15.6 - Freezing point depression is one means of...
Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 15.6 - A 0.64 g sample of the white crystalline dimer (4)...Ch. 15.6 - Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2.5ACPCh. 15 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 15 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 15 - Kc = 5.6 1012 at 500 K for the dissociation of...Ch. 15 - The reaction 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) has an equilibrium...Ch. 15 - A mixture of SO2, O2, and SO3 at 1000 K contains...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc, for the reaction 2...Ch. 15 - The reaction PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) was...Ch. 15 - An equilibrium mixture of SO2, O2, and SO3 at a...Ch. 15 - The reaction C(s) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) occurs at high...Ch. 15 - Hydrogen and carbon dioxide react at a high...Ch. 15 - A mixture of CO and Cl2 is placed in a reaction...Ch. 15 - You place 0.0300 mol of pure SO3 in an 8.00-L...Ch. 15 - The value of Kc for the interconversion of butane...Ch. 15 - Cyclohexane, C6H12, a hydrocarbon, can isomerize...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction...Ch. 15 - Carbonyl bromide decomposes to carbon monoxide and...Ch. 15 - Iodine dissolves in water, but its solubility in a...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibria involving SO2(g)...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant K for the reaction CO2(g)...Ch. 15 - Calculate K for the reaction SnO2(s) + 2 CO(g) ...Ch. 15 - Calculate K for the reaction Fe(s) + H2O(g) ...Ch. 15 - Relationship of Kc and Kp: (a) Kp for the...Ch. 15 - Relationship of Kc and Kp: (a) The equilibrium...Ch. 15 - Dinitrogen trioxide decomposes to NO and NO2, in...Ch. 15 - Kp for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 C: 2...Ch. 15 - Consider the isomerization of butane with an...Ch. 15 - The decomposition of NH4HS NH4HS(s) NH3(g) +...Ch. 15 - Suppose 0.086 mol of Br2 is placed in a 1.26-L...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g) +...Ch. 15 - Kp for the formation of phosgene, COCl2, is 6.5 ...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the following...Ch. 15 - Carbon tetrachloride can be produced by the...Ch. 15 - Equal numbers of moles of H2 gas and I2 vapor are...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the butane isobutane...Ch. 15 - At 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the two...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium: COBr2(g) ...Ch. 15 - Heating a metal carbonate leads to decomposition....Ch. 15 - Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes at elevated...Ch. 15 - Ammonium hydrogen sulfide decomposes on heating....Ch. 15 - Ammonium iodide dissociates reversibly to ammonia...Ch. 15 - When solid ammonium carbamate sublimes, it...Ch. 15 - In the gas phase, acetic acid exists as an...Ch. 15 - Assume 3.60 mol of ammonia is placed in a 2.00-L...Ch. 15 - The total pressure for a mixture of N2O4 and NO2...Ch. 15 - Kc for the decomposition of ammonium hydrogen...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52GQCh. 15 - A 15-L flask at 300 K contains 6.44 g of a mixture...Ch. 15 - Lanthanum oxalate decomposes when heated to...Ch. 15 - The reaction of hydrogen and iodine to give...Ch. 15 - Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2 is used as a reagent in...Ch. 15 - Hemoglobin (Hb) can form a complex with both O2...Ch. 15 - Limestone decomposes at high temperatures....Ch. 15 - At 1800 K, oxygen dissociates very slightly into...Ch. 15 - Nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, dissociates readily at...Ch. 15 - A Boric acid and glycerin form a complex...Ch. 15 - The dissociation of calcium carbonate has an...Ch. 15 - A sample of N2O4 gas with a pressure of 1.00 atm...Ch. 15 - Prob. 64GQCh. 15 - The photograph below shows what occurs when a...Ch. 15 - The photographs below (a) show what occurs when a...Ch. 15 - Decide whether each of the following statements is...Ch. 15 - Neither PbCl2 nor PbF2 is appreciably soluble in...Ch. 15 - Characterize each of the following as product- or...Ch. 15 - The size of a flask containing colorless N2O4(g)...Ch. 15 - Describe an experiment that would allow you to...Ch. 15 - The chapter opening photograph (page 670) showed...Ch. 15 - Suppose a tank initially contains H2S at a...Ch. 15 - Pure PCl5 gas is placed in a 2.00-L flask. After...
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- Chromium(VI) forms two different oxyanions, the orange dichromate ion, Cr2O72 , and the yellow chromate ion, CrO42 . (See the following photos.) The equilibrium reaction between the two ions is Cr2O72(aq)+H2O(l)2CrO42(aq)+2H+(aq) Explain why orange dichromate solutions turn yellow when sodium hydroxide is added.arrow_forwardWhen carbon dioxide dissolves in water it reacts to produce carbonic acid, H2CO3(aq), which can ionize in two steps. H2CO3(aq)HCO3(aq)+H+(aq)Kc1=4.2107HCO3(aq)CO32(aq)+H+(aq)Kc2=4.81011 Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction H2CO3(aq)CO32(aq)+2H+(aq)arrow_forwardComplete the following equation. Using Table 15.2, predict whether you would expect the reaction to occur to any significant extent or whether the reaction is more likely to occur in the opposite direction. HCN(aq)+SO42(aq)arrow_forward
- 2 NaN3(5) 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g) --> One of the products of this reaction is nitrogen gas (N2). Look closely: For every one molecule of sodium azide that ignites, how many molecules of gas are formed?arrow_forwardWhen a solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of ammonium carbonate, H,O is formed and ammonia gas, NH, is released when the solution is heated. Write a net ionic equation for this reaction. Both NaOH and (NH ),CO, exist as dissociated ions in aqueous solution.arrow_forwardReview Chemical reactions and Balancing Equations Complete and balanced the following reactions and state the type of reaction. (a) sodium + water → (b) magnesium chloride + ammonium hydroxide → (c) carbon + oxygen → (d) zinc + iron (II) sulfate → (e) sulfuric acid + calcium carbonate → (f) gold + copper (1I) chloride → (g) ammonium chloride + barium hydroxide → (h) butane + oxygen → (i) sodium sulfite + nitric acid → G) potassium carbonate → (k) beryllium chlorate → (1) magnesium + sulfuric acid > (m) lead (II) nitrate + potassium iodide → (n) sodium hydroxide + nitric acid →arrow_forward
- In a terrible accident, a solution consisting of 2.59 kg of nitric acid, HNO3, was spilled on the lab floor. Very quickly, you decide to throw 2.00 kg of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, on the spilled acid. You then run out of the building due to the significant quantities of carbon dioxide that would form due to the reaction. As you stand outside, you wonder, "Did I add enough sodium carbonate to neutralize the acid?". a) Did you add enough sodium carbonate to neutralize the acid? Needed Yes b) In the event that you did not add enough sodium carbonate, how much extra would be needed to completely neutralize the acid? If you have added enough, please enter a value of 0 (zero). No Excess 80 g c) In the event that you did add enough sodium carbonate, how much extra did you add? If you didn't add any extra, please enter a value of 0 (zero). 80 garrow_forwardIn a terrible accident, a solution consisting of 2.37 kg of nitric acid, HNO3, was spilled on the lab floor. Very quickly, you decide to throw 2.00 kg of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, on the spilled acid. You then run out of the building due to the significant quantities of carbon dioxide that would form due to the reaction. As you stand outside, you wonder, "Did I add enough sodium carbonate to neutralize the acid?". a) Did you add enough sodium carbonate to neutralize the acid? Yes Ο No b) In the event that you did not add enough sodium carbonate, how much extra would be needed to completely neutralize the acid? If you have added enough, please enter a value of 0 (zero). Needed 0 c) In the event that you did add enough sodium carbonate, how much extra did you add? If you didn't add any extra, please enter a value of 0 (zero). Excess 09 g garrow_forwardWhich of the statements below best describes the following reaction? Na2CO3(s) Ni(NO2)2(s) + O2(g) A) Nickel(II) nitrate decomposes with heat. B) Nickel(II) nitrate decomposes to nickel(II) nitrite and oxygen. C) Nickel(II) nitrate decomposes to nickel(II) nitrite and oxygen gas. D) Nickel(II) nitrate is heated to give nickel(II) nitrite and oxygen. E) Solid nickel(II) nitrate is heated to give solid nickel(II) nitrite and oxygen gas. What is the coefficient of carbon dioxide after balancing the following equation? __Cr2(CO3)3(s) __Cr2O3(s) + __CO2(g) A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) none of the abovearrow_forward
- 1) The net ionic equation for formation of an aqueous solution of Nil2 accompanied by evolution of Coz gas via mixing solid NICO3 and aqueous hydriodic acid is A) 2NICO, (s) + HI (aq) → 2H,O (1) + CO, (g) + 2Ni (aq) B) NİCO, (s) + I- (aq) → 2H,O (1) + CO, (g) + Ni* (aq) + HI (aq) C) NICO, (s) + 2H* (aq) → H,O (1) + CO, (g) + Ni* (aq) D) NICO, (s) + 2HI (aq) → 2H,O (1) + CO, (g) + Nil (aq) E) NICO, (s) + 2HI (aq) → H,O (1) + CO, (g) + Ni* (aq) + 21 (aq) Answer: C 2) The net ionic equation for formation of an aqueous solution of Al(NO,), via mixing solid Al(OH); and aqueous nitric acid is A) Al(OH), (s) + 3HNO, (aq) 3H,0 (1) + Al(NO,), (aq) B) Al(OH), (s) + 3NO; (aq) → 3OH- (aq) + Al(NO,); (aq) C) Al(OH), (s) + 3NO,"(aq) → 30H- (aq) + Al(NO,), (s) D) Al(OH), (s) + 3H' (aq) → 3H,0 (1) + Al³* (aq) E) Al(OH), (s) + 3HNO, (aq) → 3H,0 (1) + Al* (aq) + NO, (aq) Answer: D 3) The balanced reaction between aqueous nitric acid and aqueous strontium hydroxide is Sr(NO3)2 (aq) + H2 (g) A) HNO3 (aq)…arrow_forward4. Solid lead iodide (Pbl2) is yellow, solid potassium iodide (KI) is white, and solid lead nitrate (P is a clear crystal. If the Ksp for Pbl2 is 9.8 X 10-⁹, what will happen if a mixture is prepared that 1 X 10-3 M KI and 5 X 10-3 M Pb(NO3)2? (a) A white precipitate will form. (b) A clear/crystalline precipitate will form. (c) A yellow precipitate will form. (d) No precipitate will form. (e) A mixture of all three colors of precipitate will form. 5. Strontium arsenate (Sr3(AsO4)2, MW = 540.7 g/mol) is dissolved to saturation in one liter of sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4) solution. Approximately how many moles of strontium ion (Sr2+ present after this addition? The solubility product constant for strontium arsenate is 4.29 X Sr3(ASO4)2 (s) 3 Sr²+ (aq) + 2 AsO4³- (aq) (a) 8.8 X 104 (b) 2.9 X 104 (c) 2.6 X 10-2 (d) 4.8 X 10-1 (e) 1.6 X 10-1arrow_forward
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