EP CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCI.-MOD.MASTER.
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134091983
Author: Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 51E
Which should be more difficult to pull apart: a sodium ion from a chloride ion or a potassium ion from a chloride ion? Please explain.
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
Submit
Request Answer
Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
Submit
Request Answer
Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
Submit
Request Answer
?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 15 Solutions
EP CONCEPTUAL PHYSICAL SCI.-MOD.MASTER.
Ch. 15 - How many electrons can occupy the first shell? How...Ch. 15 - Which electrons are represented by an electron-dot...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3RCQCh. 15 - How does an ion differ from an atom?Ch. 15 - To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or...Ch. 15 - Why does the fluorine atom tend to gain only one...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 15 - Suppose an oxygen atom gains two electrons to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9RCQCh. 15 - Do metals more readily gain or lose electrons?
Ch. 15 - What is an alloy?Ch. 15 - What is a native metal?Ch. 15 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 15 - Prob. 14RCQCh. 15 - Within a neutral molecule, how many covalent bonds...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RCQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 15 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 15 - Prob. 19RCQCh. 15 - How can a molecule be nonpolar when it consists of...Ch. 15 - Why do nonpolar substances boil at relatively low...Ch. 15 - Which is more symmetrical: a polar molecule or a...Ch. 15 - Why dont oil and water mix?Ch. 15 - Prob. 24RCQCh. 15 - Which is stronger: the ion-dipole attraction or...Ch. 15 - What is a hydrogen bond?Ch. 15 - Are induced dipoles permanent?Ch. 15 - Prob. 31TASCh. 15 - What is the electric charge on the calcium ion in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33TASCh. 15 - Prob. 34TASCh. 15 - Rank these bonds in order of increasing polarity:...Ch. 15 - Prob. 36TARCh. 15 - Prob. 37TARCh. 15 - Prob. 38TARCh. 15 - Prob. 39ECh. 15 - Prob. 40ECh. 15 - How many more electrons can fit within the valence...Ch. 15 - Prob. 42ECh. 15 - What happens when hydrogens electron gets close to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 44ECh. 15 - Why does an atom with few valence electrons tend...Ch. 15 - Why is it so easy for a magnesium atom to lose two...Ch. 15 - Why doesnt the neon atom tend to lose or gain any...Ch. 15 - Why does an atom with many valence electrons tend...Ch. 15 - Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, loses two protons to form...Ch. 15 - Prob. 50ECh. 15 - Which should be more difficult to pull apart: a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52ECh. 15 - Given that the total number of atoms on our planet...Ch. 15 - An artist wants to create a metal sculpture using...Ch. 15 - Two fluorine atoms join together to form a...Ch. 15 - How are metallic bonds similar to ionic bonds? How...Ch. 15 - What drives an atom to form a covalent bond: its...Ch. 15 - Atoms of nonmetallic elements form covalent bonds,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 59ECh. 15 - Prob. 60ECh. 15 - Write the electron-dot structure for the covalent...Ch. 15 - Prob. 62ECh. 15 - In each molecule, which atom carries the greater...Ch. 15 - Which is more polar: a sulfur-bromine (S-Br) bond...Ch. 15 - True or False: The greater the nuclear charge of...Ch. 15 - True or False: The more shells in an atom, the...Ch. 15 - Water, H2O, and methane, CH4, have about the same...Ch. 15 - In the figure on the next page, the molecule from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 69ECh. 15 - Three kids sitting equally apart around a table...Ch. 15 - Which is stronger: the covalent bond that holds...Ch. 15 - The charges with sodium chloride are all...Ch. 15 - Prob. 73ECh. 15 - Prob. 74ECh. 15 - Prob. 75ECh. 15 - A thin stream of water is pulled to a rubber...Ch. 15 - Prob. 77ECh. 15 - Prob. 1RATCh. 15 - Prob. 2RATCh. 15 - Which would you expect to have a higher melting...Ch. 15 - Why are ores so valuable? (a) They are sources of...Ch. 15 - In terms of the periodic table, is there an abrupt...Ch. 15 - A hydrogen atom does not form more than one...Ch. 15 - When nitrogen and fluorine combine to form a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8RATCh. 15 - Prob. 9RATCh. 15 - Iodine, I2, has a higher melting point than...
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