To review:
The influence of the hemolysins, leukocidins, coagulase, kinases, and hyaluronidase, siderophores, and IgA proteases to the pathogenicity of microbes.
Introduction:
Microorganisms that have the ability to cause infectious diseases are called as pathogens. This ability is denoted as the pathogenicity of a microbe. Such microorganisms include bacteria,
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Microbiology: An Introduction
- Describe several specific adhesins by which bacterial pathogens attach to host cellsarrow_forwardBelow are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forwardWhich of the following virulence factors among A-D is correctly matched with its definition or characterization? A) O Invasins: pathogen proteins that prevent opsonization of the pathogen B) O Phase variation: allows pathogen to switch between different forms of an extracellular antigen (e.g., flagellum) C) O Protein A. a microbial factor that allows for attachment, typically a surface protein or surface glycoprotein D) O Prevention of lysosome:phagosome fusion mechanism employed by an extracellular pathogen E) OM protein, Opa protein: enzymes that interfere with the functioning of antibodiesarrow_forward
- All the following would be of benefit to extracellular pathogens, except A) O the presence of a capsule B) O ability to prevent the fusion of a phagosome and lysosome C) O ability to prevent of opsonization D) O ability to alter cell surface proteins via phase variation E) O There are no exceptions; all are of benefit to extracellular pathogens.arrow_forwardExplain the process of Quorum Sensing in coordinating the production of virulence factors in a host.arrow_forwardMycobacterium tuberculosis recruits phagocytes to the site of infection. Based on this information, which of the three methods shown here does the bacterium likely use to avoid being destroyed?arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the four major categories of pathogen. Which are likely to be the most homogenous in form and which the most diverse? Why?arrow_forwardExplain the role of LPS in pathogenesis.arrow_forwardDiscuss why it is important for us to conduct research at the basic level of physiology in order to better understand what makes Mycobacteria latent or grow during an infection so that we can design new and/or better treatment modalities.arrow_forward
- Enumerate and briefly explain the steps in pathogenesis of COVID-19 with this format: Entry of the pathogen into the body > Attachment of the pathogen to some tissue(s) within the body > Multiplication of the pathogen > Invasion or spread of the pathogen > Evasion of host defenses > Damage to host tissue(s)arrow_forwardWhat is epidemiology? there are several ways pathogens can be transmitted including direct contact, indirect contact, via respiratory droplets, vehicle, and through a vector. Describe each mode IN DETAIL and give an example of a pathogen that can be transmitted each way.arrow_forward. List the characteristics of Pseudomonas, and describe the diseases caused by this microbe. Provide a hallmark sign for identification Pseudomonas infection.arrow_forward
- Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781111306663Author:Margaret Rodriguez, Paul PricePublisher:Cengage Learning