Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 36GQ
Equal numbers of moles of H2 gas and I2 vapor are mixed in a flask and heated to 700 °C. The initial concentration of each gas is 0.0088 mol/L, and 78.6% of the I2 is consumed when equilibrium is achieved according to the equation
H2(g) + I2(g) ⇄ 2 HI(g)
Calculate Kc for this reaction.
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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the
product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15%
glycerin by weight.
If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate;
e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt).
f. Moles of CO2 evolved.
g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed.
h. Conversion efficiency.
i. Per cent excess of excess reactant.
Reactions:
Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6
Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution. How many carbons and hydrogens are in the structure?
13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
2°C. +2°C. cleavage
Bond A
•CH3 + 26.← Cleavage
2°C. +
Bond C
+3°C•
CH3 2C
Cleavage
E
2°C. 26.
weakest bond
Intact molecule
Strongest 3°C 20.
Gund
Largest
argest
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
C
Weakest
bond
A
Produces
Most
Bond
Strongest
Bond
Strongest Gund
produces least stable
radicals
Weakest
Stable radical
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
13°C. formed in
bound C
cleavage
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
• CH3
methyl radical
Formed in Gund A Cleavage
c.…
Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 15.1 - 1. Once a chemical equilibrium has been...Ch. 15.2 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 15.2 - Answer the following questions regarding the...Ch. 15.2 - 1. Which of the following is the correct form of...Ch. 15.2 - At 2000 K the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 15.3 - A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.050 mol of...Ch. 15.3 - 1. You place 0.010 mol of N2O4(g) in a 2.0-L flask...Ch. 15.4 - At some temperature. Kc = 33 for the reaction...Ch. 15.4 - The decomposition of PCl5(g) to form PCl3(g) and...Ch. 15.4 - 1. Graphite and carbon dioxide are kept at...
Ch. 15.5 - The conversion of oxygen to ozone has a very small...Ch. 15.5 - 1. The following equilibrium constants are given...Ch. 15.6 - Equilibrium exists between butane and isobutane...Ch. 15.6 - Anhydrous ammonia is used directly as a...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2QCh. 15.6 - The formation of ammonia from its elements is an...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 15.6 - Prob. 3RCCh. 15.A - Freezing point depression is one means of...Ch. 15.A - Prob. 2QCh. 15.A - A 0.64 g sample of the white crystalline dimer (4)...Ch. 15.A - Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to...Ch. 15.A - Prob. 5QCh. 15 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 15 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for the...Ch. 15 - Kc = 5.6 1012 at 500 K for the dissociation of...Ch. 15 - The reaction 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) has an equilibrium...Ch. 15 - A mixture of SO2, O2, and SO3 at 1000 K contains...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc, for the reaction 2...Ch. 15 - The reaction PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) was...Ch. 15 - An equilibrium mixture of SO2, O2, and SO3 at a...Ch. 15 - The reaction C(s) + CO2(g) 2 CO(g) occurs at high...Ch. 15 - Hydrogen and carbon dioxide react at a high...Ch. 15 - A mixture of CO and Cl2 is placed in a reaction...Ch. 15 - You place 0.0300 mol of pure SO3 in an 8.00-L...Ch. 15 - The value of Kc for the interconversion of butane...Ch. 15 - Cyclohexane, C6H12, a hydrocarbon, can isomerize...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction...Ch. 15 - Carbonyl bromide decomposes to carbon monoxide and...Ch. 15 - Iodine dissolves in water, but its solubility in a...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibria involving SO2(g)...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant K for the reaction CO2(g)...Ch. 15 - Calculate K for the reaction SnO2(s) + 2 CO(g) ...Ch. 15 - Calculate K for the reaction Fe(s) + H2O(g) ...Ch. 15 - Relationship of Kc and Kp: (a) Kp for the...Ch. 15 - Relationship of Kc and Kp: (a) The equilibrium...Ch. 15 - Dinitrogen trioxide decomposes to NO and NO2, in...Ch. 15 - Kp for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 C: 2...Ch. 15 - Consider the isomerization of butane with an...Ch. 15 - The decomposition of NH4HS NH4HS(s) NH3(g) +...Ch. 15 - Suppose 0.086 mol of Br2 is placed in a 1.26-L...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the reaction N2(g) +...Ch. 15 - Kp for the formation of phosgene, COCl2, is 6.5 ...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the following...Ch. 15 - Carbon tetrachloride can be produced by the...Ch. 15 - Equal numbers of moles of H2 gas and I2 vapor are...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the butane isobutane...Ch. 15 - At 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 15 - Which of the following correctly relates the two...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium: COBr2(g) ...Ch. 15 - Heating a metal carbonate leads to decomposition....Ch. 15 - Phosphorus pentachloride decomposes at elevated...Ch. 15 - Ammonium hydrogen sulfide decomposes on heating....Ch. 15 - Ammonium iodide dissociates reversibly to ammonia...Ch. 15 - When solid ammonium carbamate sublimes, it...Ch. 15 - In the gas phase, acetic acid exists as an...Ch. 15 - Assume 3.60 mol of ammonia is placed in a 2.00-L...Ch. 15 - The total pressure for a mixture of N2O4 and NO2...Ch. 15 - Kc for the decomposition of ammonium hydrogen...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52GQCh. 15 - A 15-L flask at 300 K contains 6.44 g of a mixture...Ch. 15 - Lanthanum oxalate decomposes when heated to...Ch. 15 - The reaction of hydrogen and iodine to give...Ch. 15 - Sulfuryl chloride, SO2Cl2 is used as a reagent in...Ch. 15 - Hemoglobin (Hb) can form a complex with both O2...Ch. 15 - Limestone decomposes at high temperatures....Ch. 15 - At 1800 K, oxygen dissociates very slightly into...Ch. 15 - Nitrosyl bromide, NOBr, dissociates readily at...Ch. 15 - A Boric acid and glycerin form a complex...Ch. 15 - The dissociation of calcium carbonate has an...Ch. 15 - A sample of N2O4 gas with a pressure of 1.00 atm...Ch. 15 - Prob. 64GQCh. 15 - The photograph below shows what occurs when a...Ch. 15 - The photographs below (a) show what occurs when a...Ch. 15 - Decide whether each of the following statements is...Ch. 15 - Neither PbCl2 nor PbF2 is appreciably soluble in...Ch. 15 - Characterize each of the following as product- or...Ch. 15 - The size of a flask containing colorless N2O4(g)...Ch. 15 - Describe an experiment that would allow you to...Ch. 15 - Suppose a tank initially contains H2S at a...Ch. 15 - Pure PCl5 gas is placed in a 2.00-L flask. After...
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