Integrated Waveguide Technologies (IWT) is a 6-year-old company founded by Hunt Jackson and David Smithfield to exploit metamaterial plasmonic technology to develop and manufacture miniature microwave frequency directional transmitters and receivers for use in mobile Internet and communications applications. IWT’s technology, although highly advanced, is relatively inexpensive to implement, and its patented manufacturing techniques require little capital as compared to many electronics fabrication ventures. Because of the low capital requirement, Jackson and Smithfield have been able to avoid issuing new stock and thus own all of the shares. Because of the explosion in demand for its mobile Internet applications, IWT must now access outside equity capital to fund its growth, and Jackson and Smithfield have decided to take the company public. Until now, Jackson and Smithfield have paid themselves reasonable salaries but routinely reinvested all after-tax earnings in the firm, so dividend policy has not been an issue. However, before talking with potential outside investors, they must decide on a dividend policy.
Your new boss at the consulting firm Flick and Associates, which has been retained to help IWT prepare for its public offering, has asked you to make a presentation to Jackson and Smithfield in which you review the theory of dividend policy and discuss the following issues.
- a.
- (1) What is meant by the term “distribution policy”? How has the mix of dividend payouts and stock repurchases changed over time?
- (2) The terms “irrelevance,” “dividend preference” (or “bird-in-the-hand”), and “tax effect” have been used to describe three major theories regarding the way dividend payouts affect a firm’s value. Explain these terms, and briefly describe each theory.
- (3) What do the three theories indicate regarding the actions management should take with respect to dividend payouts?
- (4) What results have empirical studies of the dividend theories produced? How does all this affect what we can tell managers about dividend payouts?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course List)
- Integrated Waveguide Technologies (IWT) is a 6-year-old company founded by Hunt Jackson and David Smithfield to exploit metamaterial plasmonic technology to develop and manufacture miniature microwave frequency directional transmitters and receivers for use in mobile Internet and communications applications. IWT’s technology, although highly advanced, is relatively inexpensive to implement, and its patented manufacturing techniques require little capital as compared to many electronics fabrication ventures. Because of the low capital requirement, Jackson and Smithfield have been able to avoid issuing new stock and thus own all of the shares. Because of the explosion in demand for its mobile Internet applications, IWT must now access outside equity capital to fund its growth, and Jackson and Smithfield have decided to take the company public. Until now, Jackson and Smithfield have paid themselves reasonable salaries but routinely reinvested all after-tax earnings in the firm, so dividend policy has not been an issue. However, before talking with potential outside investors, they must decide on a dividend policy. Your new boss at the consulting firm Flick and Associates, which has been retained to help IWT prepare for its public offering, has asked you to make a presentation to Jackson and Smithfield in which you review the theory of dividend policy and discuss the following issues. What is meant by the term “distribution policy”? How has the mix of dividend payouts and stock repurchases changed over time? The terms “irrelevance,” “dividend preference” (or “bird-in-the-hand”), and “tax effect” have been used to describe three major theories regarding the way dividend payouts affect a firm’s value. Explain these terms, and briefly describe each theory. What do the three theories indicate regarding the actions management should take with respect to dividend payouts? What results have empirical studies of the dividend theories produced? How does all this affect what we can tell managers about dividend payouts?arrow_forwardCoast Corporation's research and development department has a a project to develop a new product which is expected to be very profitable. However, this very expensive product requires approval from the company's controller, J.Davis. Since the corporate profits have been decreasing lately, Davis hesitates to approve a project that will incur significant expenses that cannot be capitalized. To overcome this problem, he's thinking about hiring a firm to develop this product and purchasing the patent of the product from this firm. w wwn wwwww Required: a. Why doesn't Davis prefer producing the product internally, and what are the ethical issues in this situation. b. What would you do if you were in Davis's place? ww n ww www wwwwarrow_forwardHello, EagleEye Company, a manufacturer of digital cameras, is considering entry into the digital binocular market. EagleEye Company currently does not produce binoculars of any style, so this venture would require a careful analysis of relevant manufacturing costs to correctly assess its ability to compete. The market price for this binocular style is well established at $134 per unit. EagleEye has enough square footage in its plant to accommodate the new production line, although several pieces of new equipment would be required, their estimated cost is $4,750,000. EagleEye requires a minimum ROI of 12% on any product line investment and estimates that if it enters this market with its digital binocular product at the prevailing market price, it is confident of its ability to sell 17,000 units per year. Question: Identify the costs that EagleEye Company would consider for decision of entering the digital binocular market. (Select all that apply). 1. Raw materials and direct…arrow_forward
- Extreme Inc. is a newly established enterprise. It was set up by an entrepreneur who is generally interested inthe business of providing engineering and operational support services to aircraft manufacturers. ExtremeInc., through the contacts of its owner, received a confirmed order from a well-known aircraft manufacturerto develop new designs for ducting the air conditioning of their aircraft. For this project, Extreme Inc.needed funds aggregating to $1 million. It was able to convince venture capitalists and was able to obtainfunding of $1 million from two Silicon Valley venture capitalists. The expenditures Extreme Inc. incurred inpursuance of its research and development project follow, in chronological order: • January 15, 20X5: Paid $175,000 toward salaries of the technicians (engineers and consultants) • March 31, 20X5: Incurred $250,000 toward cost of developing the duct and producing the test model • June 15, 20X5: Paid an additional $300,000 for revising the ducting process…arrow_forwardThree recent computer-science graduates are forming a company to write and distribute software for various personal computers. Initially, the company will operate in Eastern Australia. Twelve serious prospects for retail outlets have already been identified and committed to the firm. The firm’s software products have been tested and displayed at several trade shows and computer fairs in the perceived operating region. All that is lacking is adequate financing to continue with the project . A small group of private investors is interested in financing the company. Two financing proposals are being evaluated. (A 34% tax rate is appropriate for this analysis.) 1) Plan A is an all-ordinary share capital structure. ‒ $2m dollars would be raised by selling shares at $10 each. 2) Plan B would involve the use of financial leverage. ‒ $1m dollars would be raised selling bonds with an effective interest rate of 11% per annum. ‒ The remaining $1m would be raised by selling shares at the $10 price…arrow_forwardAMT, Inc., is considering the purchase of a digital camera for the maintenance of design specifications by feeding digital pictures directly into an engineering workstation where computer-aided design files can be superimposed over the digital pictures. Differences between the tw images can be noted, and corrections, as appropriate, can then be made by design engineers. The capital investment requirement is $345,000 and the estimated market value of the system after a six-year study period is $115,000. Annual revenues attributable to the new camera system will be $120,000, whereas additional annual expenses will be $22,000. You have been asked by management to determine the IRR of this project and to make a recommendation. The corporation’s MARR is 20% per year. Solve first by using linear interpolation and then by using a spreadsheet.arrow_forward
- Bhadibenarrow_forwardAsiaChem is a pharmaceutical company in Asia. The company’s research department has identified a compound that can cure a common cold without any side effects. Unfortunately, the manufacture of this compound requires the company to invest heavily in a high technology factory which will use a number of new techniques, some of which are unproven. The company will also need to recruit and retain the services of a number of eminent scientists, each of whom is both vital to the project and would be irreplaceable. Financing this project will require the company to borrow heavily. The company is unlikely to survive as an independent entity if it invests in this project and it fails. The directors have been advised that there is at least a 50% chance of a catastrophic failure. The project has a beta of 0.5. The risk free rate is 3% and the equity risk premium is 8%. The project offers an estimated return of 24%. Required: I. Calculate the required rate of return for the project. II.…arrow_forwardAMT, Inc., is considering the purchase of a digital camera for the maintenance of design specifications by feeding digital pictures directly into an engineering workstation where computer-aided design files can be superimposed over the digital pictures. Differences between the two images can be noted, and corrections, as appropriate, can then be made by design engineer. The capital investment requirement is P345,000 and the estimated market value of the system after a six-year study period is P115,000. Annual revenues attributable to the new camera system will be P120,000, whereas additional annual expenses will be P7,000. The corporation's MARR is 20% per year. Show whether this is a desirable investment by using the IRR method.arrow_forward
- AMT, Inc., is considering the purchase of a digital camera for the maintenance of design specifications by feeding digital pictures directly into an engineering workstation where computer-aided design files can be superimposed over the digital pictures. Differences between the two images can be noted, and corrections, as appropriate, can then be made by design engineer. The capital investment requirement is P345,000 and the estimated market value of the system after a six-year study period is P115,000. Annual revenues attributable to the new camera system will be P120,000, whereas additional annual expenses will be P7,000. The corporation's MARR is 20% per year. Show whether this is a desirable investment by using the discounted payback method.arrow_forwardAMT, Inc., is considering the purchase of a digital camera for the maintenance of design specifications by feeding digital pictures directly into an engineering workstation where computer-aided design files can be superimposed over the digital pictures. Differences between the two images can be noted, and corrections, as appropriate, can then be made by design engineer. The capital investment requirement is P345,000 and the estimated market value of the system after a six-year study period is P115,000. Annual revenues attributable to the new camera system will be P120,000, whereas additional annual expenses will be P7,000. The corporation's MARR is 20% per year. Show whether this is a desirable investment by using the ERR method.arrow_forwardAMT, Inc., is considering the purchase of a digital camera for the maintenance of design specifications by feeding digital pictures directly into an engineering workstation where computer-aided design files can be superimposed over the digital pictures. Differences between the two images can be noted, and corrections, as appropriate, can then be made by design engineer. The capital investment requirement is P345,000 and the estimated market value of the system after a six-year study period is P115,000. Annual revenues attributable to the new camera system will be P120,000, whereas additional annual expenses will be P20,000. The corporation's MARR is 20% per year. Show whether this is a desirable investment by using the Annual Worth Method (use capital recovery formula).arrow_forward
- Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course...FinanceISBN:9781337395083Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. DavesPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis...FinanceISBN:9781285190907Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark BradshawPublisher:Cengage LearningSurvey of Accounting (Accounting I)AccountingISBN:9781305961883Author:Carl WarrenPublisher:Cengage Learning