
To determine:
The type of infectious agent that is responsible for causing the measles.
Concept introduction:
Measles is a viral disorder that produces rashes, fever, sore throat, headache, dry cough, and conjunctivitis. Measles is also known as rubeola or red measles, which are the most contagious and one of the serious childhood diseases. Koplik’s spot is the characteristic feature of the disease measles.

Explanation of Solution
Measles is among the most contagious infectious diseases that transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets. The disease is caused by a member of the Morbillivirus genus, which is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus. Measles is a viral disorder caused by measles virus or rubeola virus; a single stranded RNA virus with an enveloped helical capsid.
The causative agent of measles is rubeola virus or measles virus, which belongs to a member of the Morbillivirus genus.
To determine:
The process by which measles spread.
Concept introduction:
Measles is a viral disorder that produces rashes, fever, sore throat, headache, dry cough, and conjunctivitis. Measles is also known as rubeola or red measles, which are the most contagious and one of the serious childhood diseases. Koplik’s spot is the characteristic feature of the disease measles

Explanation of Solution
Measles is among the most contagious infectious diseases that transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets. The disease is caused by a member of the Morbillivirus genus, which is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus.
Human is the major reservoir of rubella virus, and epidemic spread is carried out by crowding, low level of herd immunity, malnutrition, and improper medical care. The virus installs into the respiratory mucosa and infects the tracheal and bronchial cells.
Measles spread mainly through respiratory droplets and its epidemic spread is carried out by crowded place, low level of immunity, and improper medical care.
To determine:
The reason that the individuals attending sporting events would be more susceptible to exposure to the measles.
Concept introduction:
Measles is a viral disorder that produces rashes, fever, sore throat, headache, dry cough, and conjunctivitis. Measles is also known as rubeola or red measles, which are the most contagious and one of the serious childhood diseases. Koplik’s spot is the characteristic feature of the disease measles.

Explanation of Solution
The individuals attending sporting events would be more susceptible to exposure to the measles because the sports events invite a huge number of people that come from different parts of the world and if only one or two people carried the measles, they would able to spread it fairly across different people and places. Measles include the most highly infectious virus that can be transmitted readily to susceptible persons. These viruses can spread through respiratory droplet contacts.
Measles is among the most contagious infectious diseases that transmitted mainly by respiratory droplets. The disease is caused by a member of the Morbillivirus genus, which is a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus.
Sporting events generally involve a large number of individuals often crowded into a stadium and if any one individual had measles infection, he would able to spread it fairly to susceptible individuals.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
- You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.arrow_forwardDesign a grafting experiment to determine if limb mesoderm determines forelimb / hindlimb identity. Include the experiment, a control, and an interpretation in your answer.arrow_forwardThe Snapdragon is a popular garden flower that comes in a variety of colours, including red, yellow, and orange. The genotypes and associated phenotypes for some of these flowers are as follows: aabb: yellow AABB, AABb, AaBb, and AaBB: red AAbb and Aabb: orange aaBB: yellow aaBb: ? Based on this information, what would the phenotype of a Snapdragon with the genotype aaBb be and why? Question 21 options: orange because A is epistatic to B yellow because A is epistatic to B red because B is epistatic to A orange because B is epistatic to A red because A is epistatic to B yellow because B is epistatic to Aarrow_forward
- A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardA sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.arrow_forwardWith reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forward
- With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobinarrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following is FALSE regarding haemoglobin? It has two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. The subunits are joined by disulphide bonds. Each subunit covalently binds a haem group. Conformational change in one subunit can be transmitted to another. There are many variant ("mutant") forms of haemoglobin that are not harmful.arrow_forward
- During a routine medical check up of a healthy man it was found that his haematocrit value was highly unusual – value of 60%. What one of the options below is the most likely reason? He will have a diet high in iron. He is likely to be suffering from anaemia. He lives at high altitude. He has recently recovered from an accident where he lost a lot of blood. He has a very large body size.arrow_forwardExplain what age of culture is most likely to produce an endospore?arrow_forwardExplain why hot temperatures greater than 45 degrees celsius would not initiate the sporulation process in endospores?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





