
(a)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if the partial pressure of
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of pressure on chemical equilibria:
Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.
In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.
If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:
Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.
(c)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:
Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.
(d)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if water is added to the mixture has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of concentration on chemical equilibria:
Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactants, system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Like-wise adding products increase yield of reactants.
(e)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if a catalyst is added has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Catalyst: The catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the
In a
In a chemical reaction, the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.
(f)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is decreased has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:
Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.
(g)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium if more sunlight falls on the plants has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Le Chatelier’s principle: If equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria:
Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

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Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY: THE ESSENTIAL CO
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- 1. Answer the questions about the following reaction: (a) Draw in the arrows that can be used make this reaction occur and draw in the product of substitution in this reaction. Be sure to include any relevant stereochemistry in the product structure. + SK F Br + (b) In which solvent would this reaction proceed the fastest (Circle one) Methanol Acetone (c) Imagine that you are working for a chemical company and it was your job to perform a similar reaction to the one above, with the exception of the S atom in this reaction being replaced by an O atom. During the reaction, you observe the formation of three separate molecules instead of the single molecule obtained above. What is the likeliest other products that are formed? Draw them in the box provided.arrow_forward3. For the reactions below, draw the arrows corresponding to the transformations and draw in the boxes the reactants or products as indicated. Note: Part A should have arrows drawn going from the reactants to the middle structure and the arrows on the middle structure that would yield the final structure. For part B, you will need to draw in the reactant before being able to draw the arrows corresponding to product formation. A. B. Rearrangement ΘΗarrow_forward2. Draw the arrows required to make the following reactions occur. Please ensure your arrows point from exactly where you want to exactly where you want. If it is unclear from where arrows start or where they end, only partial credit will be given. Note: You may need to draw in lone pairs before drawing the arrows. A. B. H-Br 人 C Θ CI H Cl Θ + Br Oarrow_forward
- 4. For the reactions below, draw the expected product. Be sure to indicate relevant stereochemistry or formal charges in the product structure. a) CI, H e b) H lux ligh Br 'Harrow_forwardArrange the solutions in order of increasing acidity. (Note that K (HF) = 6.8 x 10 and K (NH3) = 1.8 × 10-5) Rank solutions from least acidity to greatest acidity. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Least acidity NH&F NaBr NaOH NH,Br NaCIO Reset Greatest acidityarrow_forward1. Consider the following molecular-level diagrams of a titration. O-HA molecule -Aion °° о ° (a) о (b) (c) (d) a. Which diagram best illustrates the microscopic representation for the EQUIVALENCE POINT in a titration of a weak acid (HA) with sodium. hydroxide? (e)arrow_forward
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