The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given. Concept Introduction: Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change. Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria: Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants. Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat. Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium. In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium. If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Draw the stepwise mechanism (with arrow pushing)

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.47QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the total pressure of the system is increased has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when I2 is added to the reaction mixture has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The effect on the equilibrium when the temperature is decreased at constant volume has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.

Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:

Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.

Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.

Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.

In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.

If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15.1 - Review of Concepts Consider the equilibrium X ⇌ Y,...Ch. 15.2 - Practice Exercise Write Kc and Kp for the...Ch. 15.2 - Practice Exercise For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g)...Ch. 15.2 - Practice Exercise Consider the following...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2RC Ch. 15.3 - Practice Exercise The equilibrium constant (Kc)...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 15.3 - Practice Exercise Consider the reaction in Example...Ch. 15.3 - Practice Exercise At 1280°C the equilibrium...

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