Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511184
Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15.48QP
The equilibrium constant (KP) for the reaction
H2(g) + CO2(s) ⇄ H2O(g) + CO(g)
is 4.40 at 2000 K. (a) Calculate ΔG° for the reaction, (b) Calculate AG for the reaction when the partial pressures are
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Calculate ΔG° for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given.(a) Cl2(g) + Br2(g) ⟶ 2BrCl(g) T = 25 °C Kp = 4.7 × 10−2(b) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3(g) T = 500 °C Kp = 48.2(c) H2 O(l) ⇌ H2 O(g) T = 60 °C Kp = 0.196 atm(d) CoO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Co(s) + CO2(g) T = 550 °C Kp = 4.90 × 102(e) CH3 NH2(aq) + H2 O(l) ⟶ CH3 NH3+(aq) + OH−(aq) T = 25 °C Kp = 4.4 × 10−4(f) PbI2(s) ⟶ Pb2+(aq) + 2I−(aq) T = 25 °C Kp = 8.7 × 10−9
The kinetics and equilibrium of the decomposition of hy-drogen iodide have been studied extensively:2HI(g)⇌ H₂(g)+I₂(g) (a) At 298 K, K꜀=1.26X10⁻³ for this reaction. Calculate Kₚ.(b) Calculate K꜀ for the formationof HI at 298 K.(c) Calculate ΔH°ᵣₓₙ for HI decomposition from H°f values. (d) At 729 K, K꜀ =2.0X10⁻² for HI decomposition. Calculate ΔHᵣₓₙ for this reaction from the van’t Hoff equation.
Kp for the following reaction is 0.16 at 25 0C.
2NOBr(g)=2NO (g)+ Br2 (l)
the enthalpy change for the reaction at standard conditions is +16.1 kJ. State which way the equilibrium will shift (left, right or no change) when each of the following changes is made.
Breifly explain credit for result.
(a) adding more Br2 (l)
(b) removing some NOBr (g)
(c) Decreasing the temperature
(d) increasing the container volume
(e) increasing the total pressure by adding an inert gas.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 15.2 - Write reaction quotients for the following...Ch. 15.2 - Write the reaction quotient for each of the...Ch. 15.2 - Write the equation for the equilibrium that...Ch. 15.2 - In principle, in the reaction of A and B to form...Ch. 15.2 - Carbonyl chloride (COCl2), also called phosgene,...Ch. 15.2 - In an analysis of the following reaction at 100C....Ch. 15.2 - In another analysis at 100C involving the same...Ch. 15.2 - Consider the reaction 2AB. The diagram shown on...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.2.1SRCh. 15.2 - Prob. 15.2.2SR
Ch. 15.3 - Write equilibrium expressions for each of the...Ch. 15.3 - Write equilibrium expressions for each of the...Ch. 15.3 - Which of the following equilibrium expressions...Ch. 15.3 - Consider the reaction A(s)+B(g)C(s). Which of the...Ch. 15.3 - The following reactions have the indicated...Ch. 15.3 - The following reactions have the indicated...Ch. 15.3 - Using the data from Practice Problem A, determine...Ch. 15.3 - Consider a chemical reaction represented by the...Ch. 15.3 - Write KP expressions for (a) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ...Ch. 15.3 - Write KP expressions for...Ch. 15.3 - Write the equation for the gaseous equilibrium...Ch. 15.3 - These diagrams represent closed systems at...Ch. 15.3 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction...Ch. 15.3 - For the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH2(g) KC is 2.3 ...Ch. 15.3 - KP = 2.79 10-5 for the reaction in Practice...Ch. 15.3 - Consider the reaction 2A(l)2B(g) at room...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3.1SRCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3.2SRCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3.3SRCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3.4SRCh. 15.4 - At 375C, the equilibrium constant for the reaction...Ch. 15.4 - The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the formation of...Ch. 15.4 - Calculate KP for the formation of nitrosyl...Ch. 15.4 - Consider the reaction 2AB. The diagram shown on...Ch. 15.4 - The equilibrium constant, KP, for the reaction...Ch. 15.4 - G for the reaction H2(g)+I2(s)2HI(g) is 2.60...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 8PPBCh. 15.4 - Prob. 8PPCCh. 15.4 - Using data from Appendix 2, calculate the...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 9PPACh. 15.4 - Kf for the complex ion Ag(NH3)2+ is 1.5 107 at...Ch. 15.4 - Which of the following graphs [(i)(iv)] best shows...Ch. 15.4 - The equilibrium constant, Ksp, for the dissolution...Ch. 15.4 - Calculate G for the process:...Ch. 15.4 - Ksp for Co(OH)2 at 25C is 3.3 10-16 Using this and...Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 10PPCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4.1SRCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4.2SRCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4.3SRCh. 15.5 - Kc for the reaction of hydrogen and iodine to...Ch. 15.5 - Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2,...Ch. 15.5 - Determine the initial concentration of HI if the...Ch. 15.5 - Consider the reaction A(g) + B(g) C(g). The...Ch. 15.5 - For the same reaction and temperature as in Worked...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 12PPACh. 15.5 - Prob. 12PPBCh. 15.5 - Prob. 12PPCCh. 15.5 - At elevated temperatures, iodine molecules break...Ch. 15.5 - Aqueous hydrocyanic acid (HCN) ionizes according...Ch. 15.5 - Consider a weak acid, HA, that ionizes according...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 13PPCCh. 15.5 - A mixture of 5.75 atm of H2 and 5.75 atm of I2 is...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 14PPACh. 15.5 - Prob. 14PPBCh. 15.5 - Consider the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(s)+D(s). The...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 15.5.1SRCh. 15.5 - Prob. 15.5.2SRCh. 15.5 - Prob. 15.5.3SRCh. 15.6 - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a contaminant commonly...Ch. 15.6 - For each change indicated, determine whether the...Ch. 15.6 - What can be added to the equilibrium that will (a)...Ch. 15.6 - Consider the reaction A(g)+B(g)C(s)+D(s), of the...Ch. 15.6 - For each reaction, predict in what direction the...Ch. 15.6 - For each reaction, predict the direction of shift...Ch. 15.6 - For the following equilibrium, give an example of...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 16PPCCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.6.1SRCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.6.2SRCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.6.3SRCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.6.4SRCh. 15 - Define equilibrium. Give two examples of a dynamic...Ch. 15 - Which of the following statements is collect about...Ch. 15 - Consider the reversible reaction A B. Explain how...Ch. 15 - What is the law of mass action?Ch. 15 - Briefly describe the importance of equilibrium in...Ch. 15 - Define reaction quotient. How does it differ from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.7QPCh. 15 - Write the equation for the reaction that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.10QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.11QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the reaction...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.13QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.14QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.15QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.16QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.17QPCh. 15 - Write equilibrium constant expressions for Kc and...Ch. 15 - Write the equilibrium constant expressions for Kc...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.20QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.21QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.22QPCh. 15 - Computational Problems 15.23 The equilibrium...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.24QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.26QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.27QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.28QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.29QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kp for foe reaction is...Ch. 15 - Ammonium carbamate (NH4CO2NH2) decomposes as...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.32QPCh. 15 - Consider the equilibrium If nitrosyl bromide...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.34QPCh. 15 - The following equilibrium constants have been...Ch. 15 - The following equilibrium constants were...Ch. 15 - At a certain temperature, the following reactions...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.38QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant for the reaction A B is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.40QPCh. 15 - Explain why Equation 15.6 is of great importance...Ch. 15 - Fill in the missing entries in the following...Ch. 15 - Computational Problems 15.43 The aqueous reaction...Ch. 15 - For the autoionization of water at 25C,...Ch. 15 - Consider the following reaction at 25C....Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.46QPCh. 15 - (a) Calculate G and KP for the following...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant (KP) for the reaction...Ch. 15 - Consider the decomposition of calcium carbonate....Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction CO(g)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.51QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.52QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.53QPCh. 15 - Conceptual Problems 15.54 A and B react to form...Ch. 15 - If Kc. = 2 for the reaction A2 + B2 2AB at a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.2VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.3VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.4VCCh. 15 - Review Questions Outline the steps for calculating...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.57QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.58QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.59QPCh. 15 - The dissociation of molecular iodine into iodine...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc for the decomposition...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium process at...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.63QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.64QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.5VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.6VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.7VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.8VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.9VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.10VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.11VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.12VCCh. 15 - Prob. 15.65QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.66QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.67QPCh. 15 - Conceptual Problems 15.68 Which of the following...Ch. 15 - For which of the following reactions will a change...Ch. 15 - Which of the following equilibria will shift to...Ch. 15 - Which of the following will cause the equilibrium...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium system...Ch. 15 - Heating solid sodium bicarbonate in a closed...Ch. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium systems....Ch. 15 - What effect does an increase in pressure have on...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.76QPCh. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium process....Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.78QPCh. 15 - Consider the following equilibrium reaction in a...Ch. 15 - Consider the gas-phase reaction...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.81QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.82QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.83QPCh. 15 - The simplified equation representing the binding...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.85QPCh. 15 - ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS 15.86 Consider the following...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction...Ch. 15 - For a reaction with a negative G value, which of...Ch. 15 - Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are...Ch. 15 - Consider the following reacting system....Ch. 15 - At a certain temperature and a total pressure of...Ch. 15 - The decomposition of ammonium hydrogen sulfide...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) At 430C,...Ch. 15 - In the Mond process for the purification of...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g) Given that...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.96QPCh. 15 - A mixture of 0.47 mole of H2 and 3.59 moles of HCl...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.98QPCh. 15 - The following reaction represents the removal of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.100QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.101QPCh. 15 - Calculate the equilibrium pressure of CO2 due to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.103QPCh. 15 - Consider the gas-phase reaction between A2 (green)...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.105QPCh. 15 - The following diagram represents a gas-phase...Ch. 15 - The formation of SO3 from SO2 and O2 is an...Ch. 15 - Calculate the pressure of O2 (in atm) over a...Ch. 15 - The following reaction was described as the cause...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.110QPCh. 15 - Calculate G and Kp for the following processes at...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.112QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kp for the following...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.114QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.115QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.116QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.117QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.118QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.119QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.120QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction...Ch. 15 - For reactions earned out under standard-state...Ch. 15 - When a gas was heated under atmospheric...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.124QPCh. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc for the following...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant (KP for the formation of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.127QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.128QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.129QPCh. 15 - In the gas phase, nitrogen dioxide is actually a...Ch. 15 - A 2.50-mole sample of NOCl was initially in a...Ch. 15 - About 75% of hydrogen for industrial use is...Ch. 15 - Photosynthesis can be represented by...Ch. 15 - Consider the decomposition of ammonium chloride at...Ch. 15 - At 25C, the equilibrium partial pressures of NO2...Ch. 15 - In 1899 the German chemist Ludwig Mond developed a...Ch. 15 - Consider the equilibrium reaction described in...Ch. 15 - Consider the equilibrium system3AB. Sketch the...Ch. 15 - The vapor pressure of mercury is 0.0020 mmHg at...Ch. 15 - Large quantities of hydrogen are needed for the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.141QPCh. 15 - At 25C. a mixture of NO2 and N2O4 gases are m...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.143QPCh. 15 - Heating copper (II) oxide at 400C does not produce...Ch. 15 - The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction...Ch. 15 - The dependence of the equilibrium constant of a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.147QPCh. 15 - The following diagram shows the variation of the...Ch. 15 - The Kp for the reaction SO2Cl2(g)SO2(g)+Cl2(g) is...Ch. 15 - Derive the equation G=RTlnQK where Q is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.151QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.152QPCh. 15 - Prob. 15.153QPCh. 15 - Industrial production of ammonia from hydrogen and...Ch. 15 - For which of the following reactions is Kc equal...Ch. 15 - At present, the World Anti-Doping Agency has no...Ch. 15 - (a) Use the vant Hoff equation in Problem 15.146...Ch. 15 - The Ka for hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is 4.9 10 l0....Ch. 15 - Determine the concentrations of Pb2+ and I in a...Ch. 15 - Determine the Ka for a weak acid if a 0.10-M...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4KSP
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- Describe a nonchemical system that is not in equilibrium, and explain why equilibrium has not been achieved.arrow_forwardUse the data in Appendix J to calculate rG andKPat 25 C for the reaction 2HBr(g)+Cl2(g)2HCl(g)+Br2() Comment on the connection between the sign of rG and the magnitude ofKP.arrow_forwardConsider a metal ion A2+ and its nitrate salt, In an experiment, 35.00 mL of a 0.217 M solution of A(NO3)2 is made to react with 25.00 mL of 0.195 M NaOH. A precipitate, A(OH)2, forms. Along with the precipitation, the temperature increases from 24.8C to 28.2C. What is H for the precipitation of A(OH)2? The following assumptions can be made. • The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL. • Volumes are additive. • The specific heat of the solution is 4.18 J/g C.arrow_forward
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