Problem 15.1QP: Define Brnsted acids and bases. Give an example of a conjugate pair in an acid-base reaction. Problem 15.2QP Problem 15.3QP: Classify each of the following species as a Brnsted acid or base, or both: (a) H2O, (b) OH, (c)... Problem 15.4QP: Write the formulas of the conjugate bases of the following acids: (a) HNO2, (b) H2SO4, (c) H2S, (d)... Problem 15.5QP: Identify the acid-base conjugate pairs in each of the following reactions: (a) CH3COO+HCNCH3COOH+CN... Problem 15.6QP: Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following bases: (a) HS, (b) HCO3, (c) CO32,... Problem 15.7QP Problem 15.8QP: Write the formula for the conjugate base of each of the following acids: (a) CH2ClCOOH, (b) HIO4,... Problem 15.9QP: What is the ion-product constant for water? Problem 15.10QP: Write an equation relating [H+] and [OH] in solution at 25C. Problem 15.12QP Problem 15.13QP: The pH of a solution is 6.7. From this statement alone, can you conclude that the solution is... Problem 15.14QP: Define pOH. Write the equation relating pH and pOH. Problem 15.15QP: Calculate the concentration of OH ions in a 1.4 103 M HCl solution. Problem 15.16QP: Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in a 0.62 M NaOH solution. Problem 15.17QP: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions: (a) 0.0010 M HCl, (b) 0.76 M KOH. Problem 15.18QP: Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions: (a) 2.8 104 M Ba(OH)2, (b) 5.2 104 M HNO3. Problem 15.19QP: Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L for solutions with the following pH values: (a)... Problem 15.20QP: Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L for each of the following solutions: (a) a... Problem 15.21QP: Complete the following table for a solution: pH [H+] Solution is 7 1.0107M Neutral Problem 15.22QP: Fill in the word acidic, basic, or neutral for the following solutions: (a)pOH 7; solution is... Problem 15.23QP: The pOH of a strong base solution is 1.88 at 25C. Calculate the concentration of the base if (a) the... Problem 15.24QP: Calculate the number of moles of KOH in 5.50 mL of a 0.360 M KOH solution. What is the pOH of the... Problem 15.25QP: How much NaOH (in grams) is needed to prepare 546 mL of solution with a pH of 10.00? Problem 15.26QP: A solution is made by dissolving 18.4 g of HCl in 662 mL of water. Calculate the pH of the solution.... Problem 15.27QP Problem 15.28QP Problem 15.29QP Problem 15.30QP Problem 15.31QP: Which of the following diagrams best represents a strong acid, such as HCl, dissolved in water?... Problem 15.32QP: (1) Which of the following diagrams represents a solution of a weak diprotic acid? (2) Which... Problem 15.33QP: Classify each of the following species as a weak or strong acid: (a) HNO3, (b) HF, (c) H2SO4, (d)... Problem 15.34QP: Classify each of the following species as a weak or strong base: (a) LiOH, (b) CN, (c) H2O, (d)... Problem 15.35QP: Which of the following statements is/are true for a 0.10 M solution of a weak acid HA? (a) The pH is... Problem 15.36QP: Which of the following statements is/are true regarding a 1.0 M solution of a strong acid HA? (a)... Problem 15.37QP: Predict the direction that predominates in this reaction: F(aq)+H2O(l)HF(aq)+OH(aq) Problem 15.38QP: Predict whether the following reaction will proceed from left to right to any measurable extent:... Problem 15.39QP: What does the ionization constant tell us about the strength of an acid? Problem 15.40QP: List the factors on which the Ka of a weak acid depends. Problem 15.41QP Problem 15.42QP: Which of the following solutions has the highest pH: (a) 0.40 M HCOOH, (b) 0.40 M HClO4, (c) 0.40 M... Problem 15.43QP: The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 105. Calculate the pH of a 0.10 M benzoic acid solution. Problem 15.44QP: A 0.0560-g quantity of acetic acid is dissolved in enough water to make 50.0mL of solution.... Problem 15.45QP: The pH of an acid solution is 6.20. Calculate the Ka for the acid. The initial acid concentration is... Problem 15.46QP: What is the original molarity of a solution of formic acid (HCOOH) whose pH is 3.26 at equilibrium? Problem 15.47QP: Calculate the percent ionization of benzoic acid having the following concentrations: (a) 0.20 M,... Problem 15.48QP: Calculate the percent ionization of hydrofluoric acid at the following concentrations: (a) 0.60 M,... Problem 15.49QP: A 0.040 M solution of a monoprotic acid is 14 percent ionized. Calculate the ionization constant of... Problem 15.50QP: (a) Calculate the percent ionization of a 0.20 M solution of the monoprotic acetylsalic acid... Problem 15.51QP: Use NH3 to illustrate what we mean by the strength of a base. Problem 15.52QP: Which of the following has a higher pH: (a) 0.20 M NH3, (b) 0.20 M NaOH? Problem 15.53QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.24 M solution of a weak base with a Kb of 3.5106. Problem 15.54QP: The diagrams here represent three different weak base solutions of equal concentration. List the... Problem 15.55QP: Calculate the pH for each of the following solutions: (a) 0.10 M NH3, (b) 0.050 M C5H5N (pyridine). Problem 15.56QP: The pH of a 0.30 M solution of a weak base is 10.66. What is the Kb of the base? Problem 15.57QP: What is the original molarity of a solution of ammonia whose pH is 11.22? Problem 15.58QP: In a 0.080 M NH3 solution, what percent of the NH3 is present as ? Problem 15.59QP: Write the equation relating Ka for a weak acid and Kb for its conjugate base. Use NH3 and its... Problem 15.60QP: From the relationship KaKb = Kw, what can you deduce about the relative strengths of a weak acid and... Problem 15.61QP Problem 15.62QP: Write all the species (except water) that are present in a phosphoric acid solution. Indicate which... Problem 15.63QP: The first and second ionization constants of a diprotic acid H2A are Ka1 and Ka2 at a certain... Problem 15.64QP: Compare the pH of a 0.040 M HCl solution with that of a 0.040 M H2SO4 solution. (Hint: H2SO4 is a... Problem 15.65QP: What are the concentrations of HSO4, SO42 and H+ in a 0.20 M KHSO4 solution? Problem 15.66QP: Calculate the concentrations of H+, HCO3, and CO32 in a 0.025 M H2CO3 solution. Problem 15.67QP Problem 15.68QP Problem 15.69QP: Predict the acid strengths of the following compounds: H2O, H2S, and H2Se. Problem 15.70QP: Compare the strengths of the following pairs of acids: (a) H2SO4 and H2SeO4, (b) H3PO4 and H3AsO4. Problem 15.71QP: Which of the following is the stronger acid: CH2ClCOOH or CHCl2COOH? Explain your choice. Problem 15.72QP Problem 15.73QP: Define salt hydrolysis. Categorize salts according to how they affect the pH of a solution. Problem 15.74QP: Explain why small, highly charged metal ions are able to undergo hydrolysis. Problem 15.75QP: Al3+ is not a Brnsted acid but is Al(H2O)63+. Explain. Problem 15.76QP: Specify which of the following salts will undergo hydrolysis: KF, NaNO3, NH4NO2, MgSO4, KCN,... Problem 15.77QP: Predict the pH ( 7, 7, or 7) of aqueous solutions containing the following salts: (a) KBr, (b)... Problem 15.78QP: Predict whether the following solutions are acidic, basic, or nearly neutral: (a) NaBr, (b) K2SO3,... Problem 15.79QP: A certain salt, MX (containing the M+ and X ions), is dissolved in water, and the pH of the... Problem 15.80QP: In a certain experiment a student finds that the pHs of 0.10 M solutions of three potassium salts... Problem 15.81QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.36 M CH3COONa solution. Problem 15.82QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.42 M NH4Cl solution. Problem 15.83QP Problem 15.84QP: Predict whether a solution containing the salt K2HPO4 will be acidic, neutral, or basic. Problem 15.85QP: Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral: (a) CO2, (b) K2O, (c) CaO,... Problem 15.86QP: Write equations for the reactions between (a) CO2 and NaOH(aq), (b) Na2O and HNO3(aq). Problem 15.87QP: Explain why metal oxides tend to be basic if the oxidation number of the metal is low and acidic if... Problem 15.88QP Problem 15.89QP: Zn(OH)2 is an amphoteric hydroxide. Write balanced ionic equations to show its reaction with (a)... Problem 15.90QP: Al(OH)3 is an insoluble compound. It dissolves in excess NaOH in solution. Write a balanced ionic... Problem 15.91QP Problem 15.92QP: In terms of orbitals and electron arrangements, what must be present for a molecule or an ion to act... Problem 15.93QP: Classify each of the following species as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base: (a) CO2, (b) H2O, (c) I, (d)... Problem 15.94QP: Describe the following reaction in terms of the Lewis theory of acids and bases:... Problem 15.95QP: Which would be considered a stronger Lewis acid: (a) BF3 or BCl3, (b) Fe2+ or Fe3+? Explain. Problem 15.96QP: All Brnsted acids are Lewis acids, but the reverse is not true. Give two examples of Lewis acids... Problem 15.97QP: Determine the concentration of a NaNO2 solution that has a pH of 8.22. Problem 15.98QP: Determine the concentration of a NH4Cl solution that has a pH of 5.64. Problem 15.99QP Problem 15.100QP: A typical reaction between an antacid and the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice is... Problem 15.101QP Problem 15.102QP: The pH of a 0.0642 M solution of a monoprotic acid is 3.86. Is this a strong acid? Problem 15.103QP: Like water, liquid ammonia undergoes autoionization: NH3+NH3NH4++NH2 (a) Identify the Brnsted acids... Problem 15.104QP: HA and HB are both weak acids although HB is the stronger of the two. Will it take a larger volume... Problem 15.105QP: A solution contains a weak monoprotic acid HA and its sodium salt NaA both at 0.1 M concentration.... Problem 15.106QP: The three common chromium oxides are CrO, Cr2O3, and CrO3. If Cr2O3 is amphoteric, what can you say... Problem 15.107QP Problem 15.108QP: Use the data in Table 15.3 to calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction:... Problem 15.109QP Problem 15.110QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) solution. Problem 15.111QP: Novocaine, used as a local anesthetic by dentists, is a weak base (Kb = 8.91 106). What is the... Problem 15.112QP Problem 15.113QP Problem 15.114QP: The ion product of D2O is 1.35 1015 at 25C. (a) Calculate pD where pD = log [D+]. (b) For what... Problem 15.115QP: Give an example of the following: (a) a weak acid that contains oxygen atoms, (b) a weak acid that... Problem 15.116QP Problem 15.117QP Problem 15.118QP Problem 15.119QP: When chlorine reacts with water, the resulting solution is weakly acidic and reacts with AgNO3 to... Problem 15.120QP: When the concentration of a strong acid is not substantially higher than 1.0 107 M, the ionization... Problem 15.121QP: Calculate the pH of a 2.00 M NH4CN solution. Problem 15.122QP: Calculate the concentrations of all species in a 0.100 M H3PO4 solution. Problem 15.123QP: Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base that lead to the formation of the following species: (a)... Problem 15.124QP: Very concentrated NaOH solutions should not be stored in Pyrex glassware. Why? (Hint: See Section... Problem 15.125QP: In the vapor phase, acetic acid molecules associate to a certain extent to form dimers:... Problem 15.126QP: Calculate the concentrations of all the species in a 0.100 M Na2CO3 solution. Problem 15.127QP Problem 15.128QP Problem 15.129QP: How many grams of NaCN would you need to dissolve in enough water to make exactly 250 mL of solution... Problem 15.130QP: A solution of formic acid (HCOOH) has a pH of 2.53. How many grams of formic acid are there in 100.0... Problem 15.131QP Problem 15.132QP: A 1.87-g sample of Mg reacts with 80.0 mL of a HCl solution whose pH is 0.544. What is the pH of the... Problem 15.133QP Problem 15.134QP Problem 15.135QP Problem 15.136QP Problem 15.137QP Problem 15.138QP Problem 15.139QP Problem 15.140QP: The atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration over a certain region is 0.12 ppm by volume.... Problem 15.141QP: Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] is used as a disinfectant for swimming pools. When dissolved in... Problem 15.142QP Problem 15.143QP: About half of the hydrochloric acid produced annually in the United States (3.0 billion pounds) is... Problem 15.144QP Problem 15.145QP Problem 15.146QP: How many milliliters of a strong monoprotic acid solution at pH = 4.12 must be added to 528 mL of... Problem 15.147QP Problem 15.148QP Problem 15.149QP Problem 15.150QP: A 1.294-g sample of a metal carbonate (MCO3) is reacted with 500 mL of a 0.100 M HCl solution. The... Problem 15.151QP Problem 15.152QP: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00 M HCN and 1.00 M HF. Compare the concentration (in... Problem 15.153QP Problem 15.154QP: Use the vant Hoff equation (see Problem 14.119.) and the data in Appendix 2 to calculate the pH of... Problem 15.155QP: At 28C and 0.982 atm, gaseous compound HA has a density of 1.16 g/L. A quantity of 2.03 g of this... Problem 15.156QP Problem 15.157QP: Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M NaHCO3 solution.(Hint: As an approximation, calculate hydrolysis and... Problem 15.158QP Problem 15.159QP: In this chapter, HCl, HBr, and HI are all listed as strong acids because they are assumed to be... Problem 15.160QP: Use the data in Appendix 2 to calculate the for the following reactions: (a) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ... Problem 15.161QP: Malonic acid [CH2(COOH)2] is a diprotic acid. Compare its two Ka values with that of acetic acid... Problem 15.162QP: Look up the contents of a Tums tablet. How many tablets are needed to increase the pH of the gastric... Problem 15.163QP: Phosphorous acid, H3PO3(aq), is a diprotic acid with Ka1 = 3 102. (a) After examining the Ka values... Problem 15.164QP: Chicken egg shells are composed primarily of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. In a classic demonstration... format_list_bulleted
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