The binding of oxygen by Haemoglobin (Hb) can be represented by the following biological reaction, what form of haemoglobin is favoured in the lungs where oxygen concentration is highest has to be explained Concept Information: Chemical Equilibrium : When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant. The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant. Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium. A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium. 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
The binding of oxygen by Haemoglobin (Hb) can be represented by the following biological reaction, what form of haemoglobin is favoured in the lungs where oxygen concentration is highest has to be explained Concept Information: Chemical Equilibrium : When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant. The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant. Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium. A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium. 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the binding of oxygen by haemoglobin is favoured in the lungs where oxygen concentration is highest.
Definition Definition State where the components involved in a reversible reaction, namely reactants and product, do not change concentration any further with time. Chemical equilibrium results when the rate of the forward reaction becomes equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
Chapter 15, Problem 15.149QP
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The binding of oxygen by Haemoglobin (Hb) can be represented by the following biological reaction, what form of haemoglobin is favoured in the lungs where oxygen concentration is highest has to be explained
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium: When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The haemoglobin is favoured in body tissues, where the cells release carbon dioxide produced by metabolism has to be explained.
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium: When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
How does the equilibrium reaction, of haemoglobin with oxygen is affected by the hyperventilates, the concentration of CO2 in his or her blood decreases has to be explained
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium: When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
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Use retrosynthetic analysis to suggest two paths to synthesize 2-methyl-3-hexanol using the Grignard reaction. (Click and drag
the appropriate image to the correct position in the reactions.)
Route 1
Aldehyde 1
or
+98
Aldehyde 2
Route 2
Q6
+100
Solved in 1 attempt
Q7
+95
Solved in 2 attempts
Q8
+98
Unlimited attempts
possible
+
+
Grignard 1
OH
H3O+
Grignard 2
Answer Bank
Q9
+90
MgBr
Unlimited attempts
possible
CH3CH2CH2MgBr
Q10
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Q11
?
?
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in 1 attempt
2-methyl-3-hexanol
CH3CH2MgBr
H
H
о
H
Attempt 3
2) (4 pt) After the reaction was completed, the student collected the following data. Crude
product data is the data collected after the reaction is finished, but before the product
is purified. "Pure" product data is the data collected after attempted purification using
recrystallization.
Student B's data:
Crude product data
"Pure"
product data
after
recrystallization
Crude mass: 0.93 g grey solid
Crude mp: 96-106 °C
Crude % yield:
Pure mass: 0.39 g white solid
Pure mp: 111-113 °C
Pure % yield:
a) Calculate the crude and pure percent yields for the student's reaction.
b) Summarize what is indicated by the crude and pure melting points.
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