Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781118539712
Author: Douglas C. Montgomery
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 14.8, Problem 65E
To determine
Find the direction of steepest ascent.
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A common way for two people to settle a frivolous dispute is to play a game of rock-paper-scissors. In this game, each person simultaneously displays a hand signal to indicate a rock, a piece of paper, or a pair of scissors. Rock beats scissors, scissors beats paper, and paper beats rock. If both players select the same hand signal, the game results in a tie.
Two roommates, roommate A and roommate B, are expecting company and are arguing over who should have to wash the dishes before the company arrives. Roommate A suggests a game of rock-paper-scissors to settle the dispute.
Consider the game of rock-paper-scissors to be an experiment. In the long run, roommate A chooses rock 21% of the time, and roommate B chooses rock 61% of the time; roommate A selects paper 39% of the time, and roommate B selects paper 21% of the time; roommate A chooses scissors 40% of the time, and roommate B chooses scissors 18% of the time. (These choices are made randomly and independently of each…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers
Ch. 14.3 - 14-1. An article in Industrial Quality Control...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 14.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 14.3 - 14-4. An experiment was conducted to determine...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 14.3 - 14-6. Johnson and Leone (Statistics and...Ch. 14.3 - 14-7. An article in the IEEE Transactions on...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 14.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 14.3 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 14.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 14.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 14.5 - 14-15. Four factors are thought to influence the...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 14.5 - 14-19. An experiment was run in a semiconductor...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 14.5 - 14-22. A 24 factorial design was run in a chemical...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 23ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 28ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 29ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 30ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 31ECh. 14.5 - Prob. 32ECh. 14.5 - 14-33. An article in Analytica Chimica Acta...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 34ECh. 14.5 - 14-35. The book Using Designed Experiments to...Ch. 14.6 - 14-36. Consider the data from the first replicate...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 37ECh. 14.6 - Prob. 38ECh. 14.6 - Prob. 39ECh. 14.6 - 14-40. Consider the data from the first replicate...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 41ECh. 14.6 - 14-43. An article in Quality Engineering...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 44ECh. 14.6 - Prob. 45ECh. 14.6 - 14-46. An article in Advanced Semiconductor...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 47ECh. 14.6 - Prob. 48ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 49ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 50ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 51ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 52ECh. 14.7 - 14-54. An article in Quality Engineering [“A...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 56ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 57ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 58ECh. 14.7 - 14-59. An article in the Journal of...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 60ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 61ECh. 14.7 - Prob. 62ECh. 14.8 - Prob. 63ECh. 14.8 - 14-64. An article in Quality Engineering [“Mean...Ch. 14.8 - 14-65. Consider the first-order model
where −1 <...Ch. 14.8 - 14-66. A manufacturer of cutting tools has...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 67ECh. 14.8 - 14-68. In their book Empirical Model Building and...Ch. 14.8 - 14-69. Consider the first-order model
y = 12...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 73ECh. 14.8 - Prob. 74ECh. 14 - Prob. 75SECh. 14 - Prob. 76SECh. 14 - Prob. 77SECh. 14 - Prob. 78SECh. 14 - Prob. 79SECh. 14 - Prob. 80SECh. 14 - Prob. 81SECh. 14 - Prob. 82SECh. 14 - Prob. 83SECh. 14 - 14-84. Construct a design in 16 runs. What are...Ch. 14 - Prob. 85SECh. 14 - Prob. 87SECh. 14 - Prob. 88SECh. 14 - Prob. 89SECh. 14 - 14-90. An article in Biotechnology Progress (2001,...Ch. 14 - 14-93. The rework time required for a machine was...Ch. 14 - Prob. 94SECh. 14 - Prob. 95SECh. 14 - Prob. 97SECh. 14 - Prob. 98SECh. 14 - Prob. 99SECh. 14 - 14-101. Consider an unreplicated 2k factorial, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 102SECh. 14 - Prob. 103SECh. 14 - Prob. 104SECh. 14 - Prob. 105SECh. 14 - Prob. 106SECh. 14 - Prob. 107SECh. 14 - 14-108. Set up a 27 − 4 design using D = AB, E =...Ch. 14 - Prob. 109SE
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- A qualifying exam for a graduate school program has a math section and a verbal section. Students receive a score of 1, 2, or 3 on each section. Define X as a student’s score on the math section and Y as a student’s score on the verbal section. Test scores vary according to the following bivariate probability distribution. y 1 2 3 1 0.22 0.33 0.05 x 2 0.00 0.08 0.20 3 0.07 0.05 0.00 μXX = , and μYY = σXX = , and σYY = The covariance of X and Y is . The coefficient of correlation is . The variables X and Y independent. The expected value of X + Y is , and the variance of X + Y is . To be accepted to a particular graduate school program, a student must have a combined score of 4 on the qualifying exam. What is the probability that a randomly selected exam taker qualifies for the program? 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.33 Chebysheff’s Theorem states that the…arrow_forwardwhat is the correct answer and why?arrow_forward(a) How many bit strings of length 10 both begin with a 1 and end with 2 zeroes? (b) How many permutations of the letters PQRSTUV contain PRS and QV?arrow_forward
- (d) A clothing store sells red, white, green, orange and pink charms for a specialty bracelet. How many ways can a customer purchase a bracelet with (i) 16 charms? (ii) 27 charms with at least 3 of each colour?arrow_forward(d) Draw the Venn diagram which represents the set (A U B) U (B NC).arrow_forwardThe ages of undergraduate students at two universities (one in the east and one in the west) are being compared. Researchers want to know if there is a difference in the mean age of students at the two universities. The population standard deviations are known. The following data shows the results of samples collected at each institution: School Location n sample mean population std. dev. West 33 26.78 6.29 East 35 23.16 7.52 What is the value of the test statistic for this problem? what is the p-value? what is the decision (reject or do not reject the null hypothesis?arrow_forward
- A common way for two people to settle a frivolous dispute is to play a game of rock-paper-scissors. In this game, each person simultaneously displays a hand signal to indicate a rock, a piece of paper, or a pair of scissors. Rock beats scissors, scissors beats paper, and paper beats rock. If both players select the same hand signal, the game results in a tie. Two roommates, roommate A and roommate B, are expecting company and are arguing over who should have to wash the dishes before the company arrives. Roommate A suggests a game of rock-paper-scissors to settle the dispute. Consider the game of rock-paper-scissors to be an experiment. In the long run, roommate A chooses rock 24% of the time, and roommate B chooses rock 85% of the time; roommate A selects paper 12% of the time, and roommate B selects paper 14% of the time; roommate A chooses scissors 64% of the time, and roommate B chooses scissors 1% of the time. (These choices are made randomly and independently of each…arrow_forwardPerform the following hypothesis test: HO: µ = 6 H1: µ 6 The sample mean is 5.6, sample standard deviation of 1.5 and a sample size of 42. Use a 5% significance level. Need to answer the following questions: what is the value of the test statistic? what is the p-value for this test (round to 3 decimal places)? what is the decision (reject the null hypothesis or do not reject the null hypothesis)?arrow_forwardPerform the following hypothesis test of a proportion: HO: p = 0.125 HA: p 0.125 The sample proportion is 0.2 based on a sample size of 95. Use a 10% significance level. need to solve the following questions: what is the value of the test statistic? what is the p-value? what is the decision (reject the null hypothesis or do not reject the null hypothesis)?arrow_forward
- OOOOOOO00 Let's play Pick-A-Ball with replacement! There are 10 colored balls: 2 red, 4 white, and 4 blue. The balls have been placed into a small bucket, and the bucket has been shaken thoroughly. You will be asked to reach into the bucket, without looking, and select two balls. Since the bucket has been shaken thoroughly, you can assume that each individual ball is selected at random with equal likelihood of being chosen. Now, close your eyes! Reach into the bucket, and pick a ball. (Click the red Pick-A-Ball! icon to select your ball.) Pick-A-Ball! What is the probability of selecting the color of ball that you just selected? (Enter your answer in decimal format and round it to two decimal places.) Assume you have put your first ball back into the bucket. Now, reach in (again, no peeking!), and pick your second ball. (Click the red Pick-A-Ball! icon to select your second ball.) Pick-A-Ball! What is the probability of selecting the color of ball that you just selected? (Enter your…arrow_forwardThere are 10 colored balls: 2 red, 4 white, and 4 blue. The balls have been placed into a small bucket, and the bucket has been shaken thoroughly. You will be asked to reach into the bucket, without looking, and select two balls. Since the bucket has been shaken thoroughly, you can assume that each individual ball is selected at random with likelihood of being chosen. Now, close your eyes! Reach into the bucket, and pick a ball. (Click the red Pick-A-Ball! icon to select your ball.) Pick-A-Ball! What is the probability of selecting the color of ball that you just selected? (Enter your answer in decimal format and round it to two decimal places.) Assume you have put your first ball back into the bucket. Now, reach in (again, no peeking!), and pick your second ball. (Click the red Pick-A-Ball! icon to select your second ball.) Pick-A-Ball! What is the probability of selecting the color of ball that you just selected? (Enter your answer in decimal format and round it to…arrow_forwardConsider a population that consists of the 70 students enrolled in a statistics course at a large university. If the university registrar were to compile the grade point averages (GPAs) of all 70 students in the course and compute their average, the result would be a mean GPA of 2.98. Note that this average is unknown to anyone; to collect the GPA information would violate the confidentiality of the students’ academic records. Suppose that the professor who teaches the course wants to know the mean GPA of the students enrolled in her course. She selects a sample of students who are in attendance on the third day of class. The GPAs of the students in the sample are: 3.71 3.92 3.68 3.60 3.64 3.27 3.93 3.12 3.40 3.74 The instructor uses the sample average as an estimate of the mean GPA of her students. The absolute value of the error in the instructor’s estimate is: 0.62 0.52 0.86 0.80 The portion of this error that is due to errors in data…arrow_forward
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