Human Anatomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260399820
Author: SALADIN, Kenneth
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 14.1, Problem 4BYGO
Summary Introduction
To write:
The anatomical explanation for the effect of the right cerebral hemisphere that can paralyze the limbs on the left side of the body.
Introduction:
The brain is involved in the cognition process. Cognition is a mental action or process of obtaining knowledge and understanding through various thoughts, senses, and experiences.
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Give an anatomical explanation of why a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere can paralyze the limbs on the left side of the body.
A patient with a stroke cannot gaze conjugately to the left and has a spastic paralysis of the right arm and leg. What single lesion could explain the findings? What are the main motor system diseases that result from lesions affecting the functions of 1) the cerebellum and 2) the basal ganglia? What are the functions of the main lobes of cerebrum?
Please explain what cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is, how it is made (structures involved); and discuss its complete circulation.
EXPLANATION ADDRESSING THE QUESTION ABOVE
Cerebral spinal fluid is a fluid that cushions the central nervous system and provides buoyancy to and helps nourish the brain. It circulates around the surface of the brain, interior ventricles, and surface of the spinal cord and central canal of the spinal cord. CSF is created by the ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and ventricles of the brain. CSF is made up mostly of water and also includes ions, nutrients like vitamin c and protein, and can pick up waste as it circulates. CSF circulation starts in the lateral ventricle where the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle creates or secretes the CSF. The CSF then flows through the ventricular foramen into the third ventricle. At the third ventricle, the CSF then flows through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle. Then, the CSF exits the fourth…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 14.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 14.1 - Identify each of the following spinal tracts with...Ch. 14.2 - How does the structure of a nerve compare to that...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 14.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 14.2 - List the five plexuses of spinal nerves and state...
Ch. 14.2 - State which plexus gives rise to each of the...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 14.3 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 14.3 - Describe a situation in which each of the...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1AWYKCh. 14.4 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 14.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 14 - Four functions of the spinal cord and their...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1.2AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.3AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.4AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.5AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.6AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.7AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.8AYLOCh. 14 - The funiculi and tracts of spinal white matterCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.10AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.11AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.12AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.1.13AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.2.1AYLOCh. 14 - The differences between afferent and efferent...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2.3AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.2.4AYLOCh. 14 - The number of spinal nerves and the system for...Ch. 14 - The structure of the proximal portion of a spinal...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2.7AYLOCh. 14 - The five plexuses of spinal nerves-their names,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3.1AYLOCh. 14 - The components of a reflex arc and the path...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3.3AYLOCh. 14 - The differences between ipsilateral,...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3.5AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.4.1AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.4.2AYLOCh. 14 - Prob. 14.4.3AYLOCh. 14 - Below L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by a...Ch. 14 - The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 14 - In the spinal cord, the neurosomas of the lower...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 14 - Motor innervation of the leg proper comes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 14 - The _______ nerves arise from the servical plexus...Ch. 14 - The crossing of a nerve fiber actract from the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 14 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 14 - State a meaning of each word element and give a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 14 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 14 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 14 - Prob. 3WWWTSCh. 14 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 14 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 14 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 14 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 14 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 14 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 14 - Anthony gets into a fight between rival gangs. As...Ch. 14 - When a patient needs a tendon graft, surgeons...
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- The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most common of the cerebral arteries to be affected by stroke. A patient is sent in to emergency with difficulty speaking and weakness in her right arm. She is able to follow instructions, but is unable to speak. When the doctor asks her to hold both of her arms up in front of her, her Right arm slowly drifts back down to her side. What SPECIFIC area of the brain must be affected in order to cause the weakness?arrow_forwardIf a blood clot blocked a cerebral blood vessel supplying a small region of the right cerebral cortex just in front of the central sulcus in the deep groove between the hemispheres, what symptoms might result?arrow_forwardList three types of cerebral palsy.arrow_forward
- Explain the descending pathway from the brain where Mr. Dexter decides to move his right leg to the actual movement of his quadriceps. (Use complete sentences.) Use key words in this order: primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus, frontal lobe, descending tract, decussate, ventral horn with motor neuron in lumbar spinal cord, ventral root, spinal nerve, sciatic nerve in lumbosacral plexus, muscles to move leg (ie. quadriceps)to take a step.arrow_forwardExplain the descending pathway from the brain where Mr. D decides to move his right leg to the actual movement of his quadriceps. (Use complete sentences.) Use key words in this order: primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus, frontal lobe, descending tract, decussate, ventral horn with motor neuron in lumbar spinal cord, ventral root, spinal nerve, sciatic nerve in lumbosacral plexus, muscles to move leg (ie. quadriceps)to take a step.arrow_forwardProvide the neurological explanation for the following:You eat a big lunch, then go for a jog, during which yourstomach starts to ache.arrow_forward
- Damage to the brains precentral gyrus in the left hemisphere would most likely result in what type of paralysis? O Spastic paralysis in the from of hemiplegia. O No answer text provided. O Spastic paralysis, in the form of paraplegia. O Flaccid paralysis, in the form of hemiplegia. O Flaccid paralysis, in the form of paraplegia.arrow_forwardIdentify the differences between the somatic and autonomicnervous systems.arrow_forwardList the components of the autonomic reflex arc. Compare with somatic reflex arc.arrow_forward
- damage to the brain will always have lasting effects, but the timing of the damage is important. At what times of life is brain damage more or less likely to have significant long-term effects? Describe some of the ways in which the brain can recover function following brain damage.arrow_forwardPeyton felt strange when she awoke one morning. She could not hold a pen in her right hand when trying to write an entry in her diary, and her muscles were noticeably weaker on the right side of her body. Additionally, her husband noticed that she was slurring her speech, so he took her to the emergency room. What does the ER physician suspect has occurred? Where in the brain might the physician suspect that abnormal activity or perhaps a lesion is located, and why?arrow_forwardHydrocephalus occurs when CSF accumulates in the ventricles and passageways of the brain. Assuming that CSF production isnormal, propose reasons for the accumulation of the fluid.arrow_forward
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