Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14.1, Problem 1CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about alkaptonuria published in 1902, Garrod suggested that humans inherit two “characters” (alleles) for a particular enzyme and that both parents must contribute a faulty version for the offspring to have the disorder. Today, would this disorder be called dominant or recessive? (See Concept 11.4.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
5) The disease Phenylketonuria (or PKU) occurs when the enzyme that helps to catalyze
the conversion of the amino acid phenylalanine into non-harmful tyrosine is mutated and
doesn't work as well (or at all). Phenylalanine will still break down into tyrosine by itself,
because this is a favorable reaction. Why is the non-functional enzyme a problem? Explain in a
few sentences.
al.H.colbe91srtihot wolsd sldu non
lom i anolterineon mundillups
betsmus
8880
1. Consider the three-dimensional model of the tertiary structure of an enzyme below. Amino acids involved in binding are shaded blue, and amino acids involved in catalysis are shaded red.
A. Suppose research has shown that amino acid 82 in the red shaded region is lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side chain. This lysine is critical for catalysis. Other studies have found that amino acids 12 and 62 in the blue region are both phenylalanine, an amino acid with a nonpolar side chain, and are critical for substrate binding. These amino acids are relatively close in the active site but are separated by 20-70 amino acids in the primary structure. Using what you know about protein structure, explain how amino acids separated in the primary structure can come close together in the active site.
B. Use this information and figure 4.2 in your book to answer the following questions: Do you think changing amino acid 82, lysine, an amino acid with a positively-charged side…
Legend:
Blue – wild-type β-galactosidase
Red – mutant β-galactosidase
_________ a. What is the optimum pH of wild type β-galactosidase?
_________ b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant β-galactosidase?
_________ c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2?
_________ d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5oC?
_________ e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4?
_________ f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40oC to 41 oC?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 14.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research article about...Ch. 14.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 14.1 - DRAW IT The template strand of a gene contains the...Ch. 14.2 - What is a promoter? Is it located at the upstream...Ch. 14.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 14.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 14.3 - Given that there are about 20,000 human genes, how...Ch. 14.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 14.3 - WHAT IF? What would be the effect of treating...Ch. 14.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 14.4 - Discuss the ways in which rRNA structure likely...Ch. 14.4 - Describe how a polypeptide to be secreted is...Ch. 14.4 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT Draw a tRNA with the anticodon...Ch. 14.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 14.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 14 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is A....Ch. 14 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 14 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 14 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 14 - FOCUS ON INFORMATION Evolution accounts for the...Ch. 14 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Some mutations result in...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
The correct term for production of offspring. Introduction: Reproduction is an important life process for most ...
Biology Illinois Edition (Glencoe Science)
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood pressures of humans is best represented by a bell-shaped curve co...
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
Why is it necessary to be in a pressurized cabin when flying at 30,000 feet?
Anatomy & Physiology
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Match the people in column A to their contribution toward the advancement of microbiology, in column B. Column ...
Microbiology: An Introduction
Describe the role and impact of microbes on the earth.
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- . The allosterically regulated enzyme ATCase binds aspartic acid as a substrate and acylates the a-amino group. Succinate acts as a competitive inhibitor of ATCase because it binds the active site but can't be acylated. The dependence of vo on [aspartic acid] for ATCase is shown in panel (a) of the accompanying figure. Panel (b) shows the effect of increasing [succinate] on v, when [Asp] is held at a low concentration (see thick vertical arrow in panel (a)). Note that in panel (b), vo is not zero when [succinate] =0 (see thin horizontal arrow). Explain the shape of the curve in panel (b). Why does v, increase initially, before decreasing at higher [succinate]? Co0- COO CH2 CH, HC -NH, CH, COO COO Asp Succinate [Asp) [Succinate] [Asp] in experiment b (a) (b)arrow_forward1. Pepsinogen (an inactive form of the enzyme) that forms in the main cells of the stomach has a molecular weight of 42,000 D. In the gastric juice, the pepsinogen turns into the active enzyme pepsin, while its molecular weight decreases to 35,000 D. Explain the mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity. To do this: a) draw a scheme for regulating the activation of pepsin; b) name the class of the enzyme that converts pepsinogen to pepsin; c) indicate which levels of protein structural organization change when pepsin is activated.arrow_forwardA hypothetical three-step metabolic pathway consists of intermediates W, X, Y, and Z and enzymes A, B, and C. Deduce the order of the enzymatic steps in the pathway from the following information: 1. Compound Q, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme B, causes Z to build up. 2. A mutant in enzyme C requires Y for growth. 3. An inhibitor of enzyme A causes W, Y, and Z to accumulate. 4. Compound P, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme C, causes W and Z to build up.arrow_forward
- Consider two enzymes catalyzing two reactions (A --> B --> C ) in a metabolic cascade with their properties summarized below: Keg (for reaction) Enzyme Reaction KM Kcat / KM 102 M-1s-1 108 M-1s-1 1 A --> B 1 1 mM 2 B --> C 10 10 mM Initial concentrations are [A] = 0.1 mM and [B] = [C] = 0 and both enzymes are present at concentrations of 1 mM. After waiting for 1 ms, the concentrations of A, B, and C are measured. How do you expect the concentrations to be ordered? O [B] > [A] > [C] O [C] > [B] > [A] O [A] > [B] > [C] O [A] > [C] > [B] [C] > [A] > [B]arrow_forwardBriefly describe why mammals can not convert fatty acids to carbohydrates? Why plants can do so? What are the secret weapons for plants to so? Briefly describe enzyme names and pathway? Based on this knowledge, what is your strategy to make a mouse is able to do so?arrow_forward. Students carry out a laboratory experiment with avidin (a protein in eg white) having a very high aflinity for biotin enzymes. Which enzyme of glucose metabolism would be inhibited by the addition of avidin to a cell homogenate? For answer: a) draw a reaction that would be blocked by the addition of avidin to a cell homogenate; b) write a diagram of the carbohydrate metabolism in which this reaction takes place.arrow_forward
- Please Explain each part to the best of your ability. This is Biochemistry. Thank youarrow_forwardC)|Myth: The specificity of an enzyme for its substrate is explained by the lock and key hypothesis. Fact: The lock and key hypothesis is outdated! What is our current model for understanding regarding how enzymes recognize and bind to substrates?arrow_forwardNew anti-cancer agents are being developed that target fatty acid synthase (FASN) due to a requirement for lipid synthesis to promote tumor cell replication. Describe why an enzyme inhibitor targeted to the following sites would or would not work to inhibit lipid synthesis. Explain your answer. If you’re not sure whether it will work, make an argument for and against it working. ACP site on FASN The dimer interface between monomers of FASN Targeting FASN to mitochondrial matrixarrow_forward
- 1. What is the most prevalent anomeric form of glucose present in physiological systems? 2. Predict the effects of mutating Asp102 of the enzyme, trypsin, to Asn on - substrate binding: Little or no effect...because why? - catalysis: Catalysis would be much slower because the mutation disrupts to function of the catalytic triad. Asn is not charged. Are these the correct answers? Please help explainarrow_forwardTwo pathways that yield NADPH in the cytosol, needed for fatty acid biosynthesis, are: (1) (2) The correct repeated sequence of 4 types of chemical reactions involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis are: (1) , (2) (3) (4) Which molecule allosterically activates the rate-limiting enzyme of the fatty acid biosynthesis? Tor F Mammals can synthesize 18:3 (469.12) from, 18:2 (4¹2) What is the source of methyl group in the formation of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine? and In mammals (strategy-II), phosphatidylcholine is yielded by the condensation of these two molecules. The two precursors for the synthesis of sphingosine in sphingolipids are:arrow_forwardCOFFEE COFFEE BUZZ BUZZ!!! You've discovered a novel biosynthetic pathway that makes the molecule caffeine. The pathway can be allosterically inhibited. Which of the following is mostly likely true. Select one: a. caffeine contains an allosteric site b. caffeine binds to the first enzyme in the pathway c. caffeine can be inhibited by its active site d. the last enzyme inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway e. the first enzyme promotes the degradation of the last enzyme in the pathwayarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY