RESEARCH METHODS F/ BEHAV.(LL)-W/MINTAP
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337755016
Author: GRAVETTER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 14, Problem 9E
In general, how does a phase-change design like the ABAB reversal design demonstrate that the treatment (rather than chance or coincidence) is responsible for causing changes in behavior?
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Researchers have noted a decline in cognitive functioning as people age (Bartus, 1990). However, the results from other research suggest that the antioxidant in foods such as blueberries can reduce and even reverse those age-related declines, at least in laboratory rats (Joseph,et al.,1999). Based on these results, one might theorize that the same antioxidants might benefit elderly humans. Suppose a researcher is interested in testing this theory. The researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 adults who are older than 65, and gives and gives each participant a daily dose of blueberry supplement that is very high in antioxidants. After taking the supplement for 6 months, the participants are given a standardized cognitive skills test and produce a mean score of M = 50.2. For the general population of elderly adults scores on the test average μ =45 and form a normal distribution with a σ = 9.
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Parents are frequently concerned when their child seems slow to begin walking (although when the child finally walks, the resulting havoc sometimes has the parents wishing they could turn back the clock!). An article on this topic reported on an experiment in which the effects of several different treatments on the age at which a child first walks were compared. Children in the first group were given special walking exercises for 12 minutes per day beginning at age 1 week and lasting 7 weeks. The second group of children received daily exercises but not the walking exercises administered to the first group. The third and fourth groups were control groups. They received no special treatment and differed only in that the third group's progress was checked weekly, whereas the fourth group's progress was checked just once at the end of the study. Observations on age (in months) when the children first walked are shown in the accompanying table.
Age
n
Total
Treatment 1
9.00
9.50…
Chapter 14 Solutions
RESEARCH METHODS F/ BEHAV.(LL)-W/MINTAP
Ch. 14.1 - Describe the goal of single-case research and...Ch. 14.1 - Identify the basic elements of a single-case...Ch. 14.2 - Describe the purpose of a phase in a single-case...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 14.3 - Describe the structure of an ABAB reversal design...Ch. 14.3 - Identify the strengths and weaknesses of an ABAB...Ch. 14.3 - Explain the circumstances in which an ABAB...Ch. 14.4 - Describe the structure of a multiple-baseline...Ch. 14.4 - Identity and describe the component-analysis...Ch. 14.4 - Identify the strengths and weaknesses of a...
Ch. 14.5 - Identify the general advantages and disadvantages...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1ECh. 14 - Prob. 2ECh. 14 - Traditional statistics (means, variances, and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4ECh. 14 - Prob. 5ECh. 14 - Prob. 6ECh. 14 - What pattern of results is needed to provide...Ch. 14 - Identify the four phases that make up an ABAB...Ch. 14 - In general, how does a phase-change design like...Ch. 14 - Explain why an ABAB reversal design is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 11ECh. 14 - Prob. 12ECh. 14 - Prob. 13ECh. 14 - How does a multiple-baseline design rule out...Ch. 14 - Suppose (hat a complex therapy procedure contains...Ch. 14 - Prob. 16ECh. 14 - Briefly explain why a clinical psychologist might...
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