The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

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The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

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Question

Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 4TYR

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1BYGO Ch. 14.1 - Define gyrus and sulcus.Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 3BYGO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 4BYGO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1AYLO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2AYLO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 3AYLO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 4AYLO Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 5AYLO Ch. 14.1 - Embryonic development of the brain from neural...

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the pyramids of the medulla oblongata contain descending corticospinal fibers.

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Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the pyramids of the medulla oblongata contain descending corticospinal fibers.

Videos

Introduction: The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Introduction:

The medulla oblongata is the most inferior part of the brain stem. It acts as a conduction pathway for both ascending and descending nerve tracts. The medulla has a nucleus which functions as a center for several reflexes.