From the given energy profile diagram the type of reaction as either exothermic or endothermic has to be explained. Concept introduction: In order to establish the plausibility of a mechanism, one must compare the rate law of the rate determining step to the experimentally determined rate law. Energy profile diagram: It is diagrammatic representation of the reaction pathway which is depicted along the reaction coordinates that is energy and time as the reactions proceeds in product formation. Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step. Rate law: It is generally the rate equation that consists of the reaction rate with the concentration or the pressures of the reactants and constant parameters. Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction. Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product. Exothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as exothermic reaction if energy is released in the form of heat from the reaction system to the surroundings. Endothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as endothermic reaction when energy is absorbed from the surroundings in order to accomplish the reaction. Arrhenius equation: Arrhenius equation is a formula that represents the temperature dependence of reaction rates The Arrhenius equation has to be represented as follows k = A e − E a / R T ln k = ln A e − E a / R T ln k = ( − E a R ) ( 1 T ) + ln A E a represents the activation energy and it’s unit is kJ/mol R represents the universal gas constant and it has the value of 8.314 J/K .mol T represents the absolute temperature A represents the frequency factor or collision frequency e represents the base of natural logarithm Arrhenius equation equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889.

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Learning Goal: This question reviews the format for writing an element's written symbol. Recall that written symbols have a particular format. Written symbols use a form like this: 35 Cl 17 In this form the mass number, 35, is a stacked superscript. The atomic number, 17, is a stacked subscript. "CI" is the chemical symbol for the element chlorine. A general way to show this form is: It is also correct to write symbols by leaving off the atomic number, as in the following form: atomic number mass number Symbol 35 Cl or mass number Symbol This is because if you write the element symbol, such as Cl, you know the atomic number is 17 from that symbol. Remember that the atomic number, or number of protons in the nucleus, is what defines the element. Thus, if 17 protons are in the nucleus, the element can only be chlorine. Sometimes you will only see 35 C1, where the atomic number is not written. Watch this video to review the format for written symbols. In the following table each column…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 42PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy profile diagram the type of reaction as either exothermic or endothermic has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

In order to establish the plausibility of a mechanism, one must compare the rate law of the rate determining step to the experimentally determined rate law.

Energy profile diagram: It is diagrammatic representation of the reaction pathway which is depicted along the reaction coordinates that is energy and time as the reactions proceeds in product formation.

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Rate law: It is generally the rate equation that consists of the reaction rate with the concentration or the pressures of the reactants and constant parameters.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as exothermic reaction if energy is released in the form of heat from the reaction system to the surroundings.

Endothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as endothermic reaction when energy is absorbed from the surroundings in order to accomplish the reaction.

Arrhenius equation:

Arrhenius equation is a formula that represents the temperature dependence of reaction rates

The Arrhenius equation has to be represented as follows

k=Ae−Ea/RTln k = ln Ae−Ea/RTln k = (−EaR)(1T)+lnA

Ea represents the activation energy and it’s unit is kJ/mol

R represents the universal gas constant and it has the value of 8.314 J/K.mol

T represents the absolute temperature

A represents the frequency factor or collision frequency

e represents the base of natural logarithm

Arrhenius equation equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given energy profile diagram, the reaction occur in more than one step has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

In order to establish the plausibility of a mechanism, one must compare the rate law of the rate determining step to the experimentally determined rate law.

Energy profile diagram: It is diagrammatic representation of the reaction pathway which is depicted along the reaction coordinates that is energy and time as the reactions proceeds in product formation.

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Rate law: It is generally the rate equation that consists of the reaction rate with the concentration or the pressures of the reactants and constant parameters.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Exothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as exothermic reaction if energy is released in the form of heat from the reaction system to the surroundings.

Endothermic reaction: The reaction is termed as endothermic reaction when energy is absorbed from the surroundings in order to accomplish the reaction.

Arrhenius equation:

Arrhenius equation is a formula that represents the temperature dependence of reaction rates

The Arrhenius equation has to be represented as follows

k=Ae−Ea/RTln k = ln Ae−Ea/RTln k = (−EaR)(1T)+lnA

Ea represents the activation energy and it’s unit is kJ/mol

R represents the universal gas constant and it has the value of 8.314 J/K.mol

T represents the absolute temperature

A represents the frequency factor or collision frequency

e represents the base of natural logarithm

Arrhenius equation equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889.

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Learning Goal: This question reviews the format for writing an element's written symbol. Recall that written symbols have a particular format. Written symbols use a form like this: 35 Cl 17 In this form the mass number, 35, is a stacked superscript. The atomic number, 17, is a stacked subscript. "CI" is the chemical symbol for the element chlorine. A general way to show this form is: It is also correct to write symbols by leaving off the atomic number, as in the following form: atomic number mass number Symbol 35 Cl or mass number Symbol This is because if you write the element symbol, such as Cl, you know the atomic number is 17 from that symbol. Remember that the atomic number, or number of protons in the nucleus, is what defines the element. Thus, if 17 protons are in the nucleus, the element can only be chlorine. Sometimes you will only see 35 C1, where the atomic number is not written. Watch this video to review the format for written symbols. In the following table each column…

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