Bundle: Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Loose-leaf Version, 2nd + OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781337086431
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 3ALQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The mixing of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide to make a buffer solution is to be explained. The change in the effectiveness of the buffer due to the amount of each solution added to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A solution that resists a change in the
To determine: An explanation regarding the mixing of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide to make a buffer solution and the change in the effectiveness of the buffer due to the amount of each solution added.
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Part C – Acid–base and solubility equilibria
1. Rinse 4 regular size test tubes and a 10 mL measuring cylinder thoroughly with water. Number the test-tubes from 1 to 4 in a test tube rack.
2. Into each of test tubes 1 – 3 put a small amount of solid benzoic acid (put the same amount – about the size of a pea – in each test tube).
3. Add 2 mL (use the measuring cylinder) of water to tube 1 and shake to mix the contents.
4. Add 2 mL (measuring cylinder) of 2 M HNO3 to tube 2 and shake to mix the contents.
5. Rinse the measuring cylinder with water, then use it to add 2 mL of 2 M NaOH to tube 3 and shake for about 10 seconds to mix the contents. Rinse the measuring cylinder.
6. Pour about half of the solution from tube 3 into tube 4, than add 2 mL of 2 M HNO3 to tube 4.
7. Allow the test tubes to stand for 2 or 3 minutes then record the appearance of the mixtures in each test tube.
8. Answer the questions on the results page relating to this equilibrium system.
a buffer solution is prepared by mixing the solution of a weak acid with its salt.Write two expressions that show what happens when two substances are dissolved in water.
b) Based on the answer you gave to the above question explain why the pH of a buffer solution does not change even if we add a little acid.
A few small drops of water are left in a burette that is used to titrate a base into an acid solution to determine the concentration of the acid. Will this small amount of water have any effect on the determined value for the concentration of the acid? If so, how is it affected?
a. Those extra few drops of acid will cause the calculation for the concentration of the base to be too low. This is because it will seem that it took more acid to neutralize the base than it really did and so it will appear that the base is of stronger concentration than it really was.
b. Those extra few drops of acid will cause the calculation for the concentration of the base to be too low. This is because it will seem that it took less acid to neutralize the base than it really did and so it will appear that the base is of stronger concentration than it really was.
c. Those extra few drops of acid will cause the calculation for the concentration of the base to be too high. This is because it will seem that…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Bundle: Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, Loose-leaf Version, 2nd + OWLv2 with Student Solutions Manual, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
Ch. 14 - What is meant by the presence of a common ion? How...Ch. 14 - Define a buffer solution. What makes up a buffer...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - A good buffer generally contains relatively equal...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Sketch the titration curve for a weak acid...Ch. 14 - Sketch the titration curve for a weak base...Ch. 14 - What is an acidbase indicator? Define the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 14 - What are the major species in solution after...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2ALQCh. 14 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 14 - Prob. 4ALQCh. 14 - Sketch two pH curves, one for the titration of a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 14 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 14 - You have a solution of the weak acid HA and add...Ch. 14 - The common ion effect for weak acids is to...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10QCh. 14 - Prob. 11QCh. 14 - Consider the following pH curves for 100.0 mL of...Ch. 14 - An acid is titrated with NaOH. The following...Ch. 14 - Consider the following four titrations. i. 100.0...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15QCh. 14 - Prob. 16QCh. 14 - How many of the following are buffered solutions?...Ch. 14 - Which of the following can be classified as buffer...Ch. 14 - A certain buffer is made by dissolving NaHCO3 and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 20ECh. 14 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 23ECh. 14 - Compare the percent ionization of the base in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 25ECh. 14 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of HCl is added...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH after 0.020 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 14 - Which of the solutions in Exercise 21 shows the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 30ECh. 14 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00 M HNO2...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.60 M HF...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH after 0.10 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH after 0.10 mole of NaOH is added...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH of each of the following buffered...Ch. 14 - Prob. 36ECh. 14 - Calculate the pH of a buffered solution prepared...Ch. 14 - A buffered solution is made by adding 50.0 g NH4Cl...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39ECh. 14 - An aqueous solution contains dissolved C6H5NH3Cl...Ch. 14 - Prob. 41ECh. 14 - Prob. 42ECh. 14 - Consider a solution that contains both C5H5N and...Ch. 14 - Calculate the ratio [NH3]/[NH4+] in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 45ECh. 14 - Prob. 46ECh. 14 - Prob. 47ECh. 14 - Prob. 48ECh. 14 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.40 M...Ch. 14 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.20 M HOCl...Ch. 14 - Which of the following mixtures would result in...Ch. 14 - Prob. 52ECh. 14 - Prob. 53ECh. 14 - Calculate the number of moles of HCl(g) that must...Ch. 14 - Consider the titration of a generic weak acid HA...Ch. 14 - Sketch the titration curve for the titration of a...Ch. 14 - Consider the titration of 40.0 mL of 0.200 M HClO4...Ch. 14 - Consider the titration of 80.0 mL of 0.100 M...Ch. 14 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M...Ch. 14 - Prob. 60ECh. 14 - Lactic acid is a common by-product of cellular...Ch. 14 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 14 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 14 - Repeat the procedure in Exercise 61, but for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 65ECh. 14 - In the titration of 50.0 mL of 1.0 M methylamine,...Ch. 14 - You have 75.0 mL of 0.10 M HA. After adding 30.0...Ch. 14 - A student dissolves 0.0100 mole of an unknown weak...Ch. 14 - Prob. 69ECh. 14 - Prob. 70ECh. 14 - Potassium hydrogen phthalate, known as KHP (molar...Ch. 14 - A certain indicator HIn has a pKa of 3.00 and a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 73ECh. 14 - Prob. 74ECh. 14 - Prob. 75ECh. 14 - Prob. 76ECh. 14 - Prob. 77ECh. 14 - Estimate the pH of a solution in which crystal...Ch. 14 - Prob. 79ECh. 14 - Prob. 80ECh. 14 - Prob. 81AECh. 14 - Prob. 82AECh. 14 - Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, commonly called...Ch. 14 - Prob. 84AECh. 14 - You have the following reagents on hand: Solids...Ch. 14 - Prob. 86AECh. 14 - Prob. 87AECh. 14 - What quantity (moles) of HCl(g) must be added to...Ch. 14 - Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant...Ch. 14 - The following plot shows the pH curves for the...Ch. 14 - Calculate the volume of 1.50 102 M NaOH that must...Ch. 14 - Prob. 92AECh. 14 - A certain acetic acid solution has pH = 2.68....Ch. 14 - A 0.210-g sample of an acid (molar mass = 192...Ch. 14 - The active ingredient in aspirin is...Ch. 14 - One method for determining the purity of aspirin...Ch. 14 - A student intends to titrate a solution of a weak...Ch. 14 - Prob. 98AECh. 14 - Prob. 99AECh. 14 - Consider 1.0 L of a solution that is 0.85 M HOC6H5...Ch. 14 - Prob. 101CWPCh. 14 - Consider the following acids and bases: HCO2H Ka =...Ch. 14 - Prob. 103CWPCh. 14 - Prob. 104CWPCh. 14 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.100 M HCN...Ch. 14 - Consider the titration of 100.0 mL of 0.200 M...Ch. 14 - Prob. 107CWPCh. 14 - Prob. 108CPCh. 14 - A buffer is made using 45.0 mL of 0.750 M HC3H5O2...Ch. 14 - A 0.400-M solution of ammonia was titrated with...Ch. 14 - Prob. 111CPCh. 14 - Consider a solution formed by mixing 50.0 mL of...Ch. 14 - When a diprotic acid, H2A, is titrated with NaOH,...Ch. 14 - Consider the following two acids: In two separate...Ch. 14 - The titration of Na2CO3 with HCl bas the following...Ch. 14 - Prob. 116CPCh. 14 - A few drops of each of the indicators shown in the...Ch. 14 - Malonic acid (HO2CCH2CO2H) is a diprotic acid. In...Ch. 14 - A buffer solution is prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of...Ch. 14 - A 10.00-g sample of the ionic compound NaA, where...Ch. 14 - Prob. 121IPCh. 14 - Prob. 122MP
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- 7. Describe a buffered solution. Give three examples of buffered solutions. For each of your examples, write equations and explain how the components of the buffered solution consume added strong acids or bases. Why is buffering of solutions in biological systems so important?arrow_forwardSulfanilic acid (NH2C6H4SO3H) is used in manufacturing dyes. It ionizes in water according to the equilibrium equation NH2C6H4SO3H(aq)+H2O(l)NH2C6H4SO3(aq)+H3O+(aq)Ka=5.9104 A buffer is prepared by dissolving 0.20 mol of sulfanilicacid and 0.13 mol of sodium sulfanilate (NaNH2C6H4SO3) in water and diluting to 1.00 L. Compute the pH of the solution. Suppose 0.040 mol of HCl is added to the buffer.Calculate the pH of the solution that results.arrow_forwardUse Le Chátelier's principle to explain what happens to the equilibrium H2O(l)H+(aq)+OH(aq) when a few drops of HCl are added to pure water.arrow_forward
- Which of the following acids and its conjugate base would you use to make a buffer with a pH of 3.00? Explain your reasons: formic acid, lactic acid, nitrous acid.arrow_forwardA buffer solution has a pH value of 9.8. Which value in the set of pH values 8.79.79.89.910.9 is the most likely value for the buffer solution pH after a. a small amount of strong acid has been added? b. a small amount of strong base has been added?arrow_forwardAnother way to treat data from a pH titration is to graph the absolute value of the change in pH per change in milliliters added versus milliliters added (pH/mL versus mL added). Make this graph using your results from Exercise 61. What advantage might this method have over the traditional method for treating titration data?arrow_forward
- Two samples of 1.00 M HCl of equivalent volumes are prepared. One sample is titrated to the equivalence point with a 1.00 M solution of sodium hydroxide, while the other sample is titrated to the equivalence point with a 1.00 M solution of calcium hydroxide. a Compare the volumes of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide required to reach the equivalence point for each titration. b Determine the pH of each solution halfway to the equivalence point. c Determine the pH of each solution at the equivalence point.arrow_forwardCalculate the pH of these buffers.arrow_forwarda.Calculate the pH of a buffer that is 0.1M in lactic acid, C2H4(OH)COOH, and 0.1M in sodium lactate, C2H4(OH)COONa. b.What is the pH of a buffer that is 1M in lactic acid and 1M in sodium lactate? c.What is the difference between the buffers described in parts a and b?arrow_forward
- This question is about a buffer solution made by mixing together solutions containing ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate. a) If you add a small amount of an acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid to this, the pH doesn't change much. Explain what happens to the extra hydrogen ions you have added. b) If you add a small amount of an alkali such as sodium hydroxide solution to the buffer solution, again the pH doesn't change much. There are two ways in which the extra hydroxide ions can be removed. What are they?arrow_forwardHow can buffer systems resist changing pH? use your own words to explainarrow_forwardDetermine if true or false: 1) ionic compounds, that dissolve well in water, and strong acids are both example of strong electrolytes. 2) Dynamic equilibrium means that the concentration of reactants and products is equal. 3) Strong acids react with some metals and produce hydrogen gas. 4) An Arrhenius base is a proton donor. 5) Many acids are monoprotic meaning they donate just one proton. 6) A buffer works best when there is equal, or close to equal, concentrations of the two components (often a weak acid and its conjugate base). 7) Ionic compounds, that dissolve well in water, and strong acids are both example of strong electrolytes. 8) The rate of a reaction can be determined by the following equation. Rate = change in [A] x time (where A is a product or reactant.)arrow_forward
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