UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393869903
Author: PALEN
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 14, Problem 25QAP
To determine
The difference between the gases out of which globular clusters and open clusters formed.
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How is the turnoff point on the H-R diagram of a cluster related to the cluster’s age?
Globular clusters contain no stars more massive than the Sun. Which of the following seems like the least reasonable implication of this observation?
Group of answer choices
Globular clusters are very old.
Globular clusters are very young.
Only the low-mass stars are still "alive" in the clusters.
Many red giants can probably be found in globular clusters.
The very massive stars in the globular clusters have already burnt out.
If we plot the apparent brightnesses of stars in a globular cluster versus their surface temperatures in a similar way as in the HR diagram , there will be a horizontal branch . Which of the following statements about these horizontal branch stars is wrong ? (A)They have the same absolute magnitude . (B)They have different sizes . (C)Their sole source of energy is hydrogen shell burning . (D)They can help us estimate the distance of the globular cluster from us .
Chapter 14 Solutions
UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1CYUCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2CYUCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3CYUCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4CYUCh. 14 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 6QAP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 14 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Would the Sun more likely have been a member of a globular cluster or open cluster in the past?arrow_forwardDescribe what a typical star in the Galaxy would be like compared to the Sun.arrow_forwardYou can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to estimate the approximate ages of the clusters in Figure 22.10, Figure 22.12, and Figure 22.13. Use the information in the figures to determine the luminosity of the most massive star still on the main sequence. Now use the data in Table 18.3 to estimate the mass of this star. Then calculate the age of the cluster. This method is similar to the procedure used by astronomers to obtain the ages of clusters, except that they use actual data and model calculations rather than simply making estimates from a drawing. How do your ages compare with the ages in the text? Figure 22.10 NGC 2264 HR Diagram. Compare this HR diagram to that in Figure 22.8; although the points scatter a bit more here, the theoretical and observational diagrams are remarkably, and satisfyingly, similar. Figure 22.12 Cluster M41. (a) Cluster M41 is older than NGC 2264 (see Figure 22.10) and contains several red giants. Some of its more massive stars are no longer close to the zero-age main sequence (red line). (b) This ground-based photograph shows the open cluster M41. Note that it contains several orange-color stars. These are stars that have exhausted hydrogen in their centers, and have swelled up to become red giants. (credit b: modification of work by NOAO/AURA/NSF) Figure 22.13 HR Diagram for an Older Cluster. We see the HR diagram for a hypothetical older cluster at an age of 4.24 billion years. Note that most of the stars on the upper part of the main sequence have turned off toward the red-giant region. And the most massive stars in the cluster have already died and are no longer on the diagram. Characteristics of Main-Sequence Starsarrow_forward
- Calculate the proper motion (in arc seconds per year) of a globular cluster with a transverse velocity (relative to the Sun) of 220 km/s and a distance of 2 kpc. Do you think that this motion is measurable?arrow_forwardCan you please help with Part 2 of 2? Thank you.arrow_forwardCalculate the mass-to-light ratio for a globular cluster with a luminosity of 106LSunand 105 stars. (Assume that the average mass of a star in such a cluster is 1 MSun.)arrow_forward
- If the Sun were a member of the cluster NGC 2264, would it be on the main sequence yet? Why or why not?arrow_forwardFigure 20.2 shows a reddish glow around the star Antares, and yet the caption says that is a dust cloud. What observations would you make to determine whether the red glow is actually produced by dust or whether it is produced by an H II region? Figure 20.2 Various Types of Interstellar Matter. The reddish nebulae in this spectacular photograph glow with light emitted by hydrogen atoms. The darkest areas are clouds of dust that block the light from stars behind them. The upper part of the picture is filled with the bluish glow of light reflected from hot stars embedded in the outskirts of a huge, cool cloud of dust and gas. The cool supergiant star Antares can be seen as a big, reddish patch in the lower-left part of the picture. The star is shedding some of its outer atmosphere and is surrounded by a cloud of its own making that reflects the red light of the star. The red nebula in the middle right partially surrounds the star Sigma Scorpii. (To the right of Antares, you can see M4, a much more distant cluster of extremely old stars.) (credit: modification of work by ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2)arrow_forwardWhy does star formation occur primarily in the disk of the Galaxy?arrow_forward
- In which of these star groups would you mostly likely find the least heavy-element abundance for the stars within them: open clusters, globular clusters, or associations?arrow_forwardIn the HR diagrams for some young clusters, stars of both very low and very high luminosity are off to the right of the main sequence, whereas those of intermediate luminosity are on the main sequence. Can you offer an explanation for that? Sketch an HR diagram for such a cluster.arrow_forwardDescribe several characteristics that distinguish population I stars from population II stars.arrow_forward
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