
Concept explainers
A.
To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
A.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.
B.
To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
B.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.
C.
To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
C.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.
D.
To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
D.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.
E.
To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
E.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.
F.
To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
F.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.
G.
To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
G.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.
H.
To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.
Concept introduction:
In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.
H.

Answer to Problem 23Q
Explanation of Solution
Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Essential Cell Biology (Fourth Edition)
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