Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Concept introduction: In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 23Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 8

A.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 9

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Respiratory complex is necessary for the transfer of electrons. Cytochrome c reductase complex is lacking in the first condition, and only reduced ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c are present. So, the electron transfer does not take place in this condition.

Answer 13

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

Answer 14

B.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given to condition “oxidized ubiquinone and oxidized cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 15

B.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 16

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer is not possible when both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition. Here, ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, so it has the ability to gain electrons but is not able to transfer the electrons to cytochrome c. Not only this is the reason, electron transfer can be done in the presence of the respiratory complex, but it is absent in this condition. So, electrons cannot be transferred from the ubiquinone to cytochrome c.

Answer 20

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

Answer 21

C.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 22

C.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 23

C.

Expert Solution

Answer 24

C.

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

In this condition, both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. Here, ubiquinone is in the reduced condition, so it has the ability to lose the electrons but cytochrome c cannot accept the electrons. Hence, the electron flow does not occur in this condition, and therefore, the transferring of electrons from ubiquinone to cytochrome c does not occur.

Answer 27

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

Answer 28

D.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone and reduced cytochrome c’’can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 29

D.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 30

D.

Expert Solution

Answer 31

D.

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Ubiquinone is in the oxidized condition, and the electron added to it has high free energy as compared to the electron added to the reduced cytochrome c. The respiratory complex, cytochrome c reductase complex is absent here. Because of these reasons, the electron transfer is not possible in this condition.

Answer 34

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

Answer 35

E.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 36

E.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

Yes, electron transfer is observed in this condition.

Answer 37

E.

Expert Solution

Answer 38

E.

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

In the electron transport system, there is a particular pathway for the electron transfer. If the ubiquinone is reduced, cytochrome c is oxidized and the cytochrome c reductase complex is present, then the electron will transfer in the favorable condition.

Answer 41

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

Answer 42

F.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, oxidized cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex”can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 43

F.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 44

F.

Expert Solution

Answer 45

F.

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

The cytochrome c reductase is present in this condition but also the electron transfer will not occur here because both ubiquinone and cytochrome c are in the oxidized condition. If both electron carriers are in the oxidized condition, electron flow will not happen. For the electrons to flow through the first electron carrier that is, the ubiquinone, it must be in the reduced state and the other one must be in oxidized condition.

Answer 48

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

Answer 49

G.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “reduced ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex’’ can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 50

G.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 51

G.

Expert Solution

Answer 52

G.

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

Cytochrome c reductase complex is present in this condition but also the electron transfer is not possible because both the electron carriers are in their reduced state. If the cytochrome c is in the oxidized state, then the electron flow will occur.

Answer 55

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.

Answer 56

H.

Summary Introduction

To find: Whether the given condition “oxidized ubiquinone, reduced cytochrome c, and cytochrome c reductase complex” can transfer the electrons to cytochrome c.

Concept introduction:

In the mitochondria, electron transport system is there for the production of ATP. The protons generated will move through a series of electron carriers and respiratory complexes in the ETS. Electron carriers will transfer the electrons, and the respiratory complexes contain multiple individual proteins including transmembrane protein that helps in the passage of electrons.

Answer 57

H.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 23Q

No, electron transfer is not observed in this condition.

Answer 58

H.

Expert Solution

Answer 59

H.

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

Electron transfer from ubiquinone to cytochrome c cannot occur only if the respiratory complex is present. The reduced cytochrome c has less free energy compared to the oxidized ubiquinone and due to this reason electron transfer will not take place in this condition.