Essential Cell Biology (Fourth Edition)
Essential Cell Biology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780815345251
Author: Bruce Alberts, Dennis Bray, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 14, Problem 11Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The given statement “after an electron has been removed by light, the affinity for electrons of the positively charged chlorophyll in the reaction centre of the first photosystem (photo system II) are even greater than the electron affinity of O2 ”.

Concept introduction: Photosystems that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants are the functional and structural units of protein complexes that are involved in the photosynthesis process. It consists of two reaction centres, in which the photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (p680). For the oxygenic photosynthesis, both the photosystems are required.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The given statement “Photosynthesis is the light-driven transfer of an electron from chlorophyll to a second molecule that normally has a much lower affinity for electrons”.

Concept introduction: Photosystems that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants are the functional and structural units of protein complexes that are involved in the photosynthesis process. It consists of two reaction centres, in which the photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (p680). For the oxygenic photosynthesis, both the photosystems are required.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The given statement “Because it requires the removal of four electrons to release one O2 molecule from two H2O molecules , the water splitting enzyme in photo system II has to keep the reaction intermediates tightly bound so as to prevent partly reduced, and therefore hazardous, superoxide radicals from escaping” .

Concept introduction: Photosystems that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants are the functional and structural units of protein complexes that are involved in the photosynthesis process. It consists of two reaction centres, in which the photosystem I (P700) and photosystem II (p680). For the oxygenic photosynthesis, both the photosystems are required.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license