The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H 2 O above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of millimeters of H 2 O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal tap as illustrated in Figure P14.8. A hollow tube is inserted into the spinal column, and the height to which the fluid rises is observed. If the fluid rises to a height of 160 mm, we write its gauge pressure as 160 mm H 2 O. (a) Express this pressure in pascals, in atmospheres, and in millimeters of mercury. (b) Some conditions that block or inhibit the flow of cerebrospinal fluid can be investigated by means of Queckenstedt’s test . In this procedure, the veins in the patient’s neck are compressed to make the blood pressure rise in the brain, which in turn should be transmitted to the cerebrospinal fluid. Explain how the level of fluid in the spinal tap can be used as a diagnostic tool for the condition of the patient’s spine. Figure P14.8
The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H 2 O above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of millimeters of H 2 O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal tap as illustrated in Figure P14.8. A hollow tube is inserted into the spinal column, and the height to which the fluid rises is observed. If the fluid rises to a height of 160 mm, we write its gauge pressure as 160 mm H 2 O. (a) Express this pressure in pascals, in atmospheres, and in millimeters of mercury. (b) Some conditions that block or inhibit the flow of cerebrospinal fluid can be investigated by means of Queckenstedt’s test . In this procedure, the veins in the patient’s neck are compressed to make the blood pressure rise in the brain, which in turn should be transmitted to the cerebrospinal fluid. Explain how the level of fluid in the spinal tap can be used as a diagnostic tool for the condition of the patient’s spine. Figure P14.8
Solution Summary: The author explains the given gauge pressure in pascals, in atmospheres and in millimeters of mercury.
The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H2O above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of millimeters of H2O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal tap as illustrated in Figure P14.8. A hollow tube is inserted into the spinal column, and the height to which the fluid rises is observed. If the fluid rises to a height of 160 mm, we write its gauge pressure as 160 mm H2O. (a) Express this pressure in pascals, in atmospheres, and in millimeters of mercury. (b) Some conditions that block or inhibit the flow of cerebrospinal fluid can be investigated by means of Queckenstedt’s test. In this procedure, the veins in the patient’s neck are compressed to make the blood pressure rise in the brain, which in turn should be transmitted to the cerebrospinal fluid. Explain how the level of fluid in the spinal tap can be used as a diagnostic tool for the condition of the patient’s spine.
air is pushed steadily though a forced air pipe at a steady speed of 4.0 m/s. the pipe measures 56 cm by 22 cm. how fast will air move though a narrower portion of the pipe that is also rectangular and measures 32 cm by 22 cm
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13.87 ... Interplanetary Navigation. The most efficient way
to send a spacecraft from the earth to another planet is by using a
Hohmann transfer orbit (Fig. P13.87). If the orbits of the departure
and destination planets are circular, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an
elliptical orbit whose perihelion and aphelion are tangent to the
orbits of the two planets. The rockets are fired briefly at the depar-
ture planet to put the spacecraft into the transfer orbit; the spacecraft
then coasts until it reaches the destination planet. The rockets are
then fired again to put the spacecraft into the same orbit about the
sun as the destination planet. (a) For a flight from earth to Mars, in
what direction must the rockets be fired at the earth and at Mars: in
the direction of motion, or opposite the direction of motion? What
about for a flight from Mars to the earth? (b) How long does a one-
way trip from the the earth to Mars take, between the firings of the
rockets? (c) To reach Mars from the…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 1, Chapters 1-22
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